Economy
CBN Loans N8.2 Trillion to Banks in 17-Day Period
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New data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) reveals that commercial and merchant banks borrowed N8.2 trillion from the apex bank in the first 17 days of 2025. This move aims to address the liquidity crisis and boost lending to the real sector of the Nigerian economy.
According to the CBN, the borrowing was necessary due to low cash deposits by bank customers, attributed to high spending during the festive period, which created cash scarcity in banks. Notably, the N8.2 trillion borrowed is lower than the N8.2 trillion borrowed during the corresponding period in 2024.
In 2024, banks and merchant banks borrowed an estimated N131.42 trillion, a 636.6% increase over the N17.84 billion borrowed in 2023. The data also shows that banks and merchant banks’ deposits in CBN stood at N6.69 trillion, as they sought to lend to the real sector.
Banks access lending from the CBN through the Standing Lending Facility (SLF) window and deposit excess liquidity using the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF). The CBN provides the SLF as a short-term lending window for banks and merchant banks to access liquidity for day-to-day operations.
In 2024, banks borrowed from the CBN at an interest rate of 32.50%, with the asymmetric corridor around the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) set at +500/-100 basis points. Dr. Omolara Duke, Director of the Financial Markets Department, CBN, had stated that banks could borrow at a rate of 31.75% when the MPR was at 26.75%.
Banks can access the SLF through the Scripless Securities Settlement System (S4) within specified operating hours. Additionally, authorised dealers can access the Intraday Lending Facility (ILF) at no cost, provided it is repaid on the same day.
The CBN’s liquidity support to banks is aimed at ensuring the stability of the financial system and promoting economic growth. The apex bank’s actions are also guided by its monetary policy objectives, which include maintaining price stability and promoting employment.
In 2024, the CBN’s liquidity support to banks peaked in March, with banks borrowing N21.74 trillion. The lowest amount borrowed was in January 2024, at N2.9 trillion.
The CBN’s data on banks’ borrowing also showed that the apex bank’s lending rate has been adjusted periodically to reflect changes in the monetary policy rate. For instance, when the MPR was increased to 26.75% in 2024, the CBN’s lending rate was adjusted to 31.75%.
The CBN’s liquidity support to banks has been a crucial factor in maintaining the stability of the financial system, especially during periods of economic uncertainty. As the Nigerian economy continues to evolve, the CBN’s role in providing liquidity support to banks will remain critical in promoting economic growth and stability.
The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies, also known as OPEC+, has approved the fourth oil output increase since the Hormuz closure crisis.
The decision followed renewed commitments by Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria and Oman to support market stability.
In a statement issued at the weekend, OPEC stated: “The seven OPEC+ countries, which previously announced additional voluntary adjustments in April and November 2023, namely Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria and Oman, met virtually on June 7, 2026, to review global market conditions and outlook.
“In their collective commitment to support oil market stability, the seven participating countries decided to implement a production adjustment of 188,000 barrels per day from the additional voluntary adjustments announced in April 2023.
“This adjustment will be implemented in July 2026. The additional voluntary adjustments announced in April 2023 may be returned in part or in full, subject to evolving market conditions and in a gradual manner.
“The countries will continue to closely monitor and assess market conditions and, in their continuous efforts to support market stability, reaffirmed the importance of adopting a cautious approach and retaining full flexibility to increase, pause or reverse the phase-out of the voluntary production adjustments, including reversing the previously implemented voluntary adjustments announced in November 2023.
“The seven OPEC+ countries also noted that this measure will provide an opportunity for the participating countries to accelerate their compensation.
“The seven countries reiterated their collective commitment to achieving full conformity with the Declaration of Cooperation, including the voluntary production adjustments, which will be monitored by the Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee (JMMC).
“They also confirmed their intention to fully compensate for any overproduced volumes since January 2024. The compensation period will be extended until the end of December 2026.”
It added: “The seven OPEC+ countries will hold monthly meetings to review market conditions, conformity and compensation. The seven countries will meet on July 5, 2026.”
The naira on Friday depreciated to N1,397 per dollar in the parallel market from N1,390 per dollar on Thursday.
Likewise, the naira depreciated to N1,365 per dollar in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market, NFEM.
Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, showed that the indicative exchange rate for the market rose to N1,365 per dollar from N1,359.75 per dollar on Thursday, reflecting N5.25 depreciation for the naira.
Consequently, the margin between the parallel and official markets widened to N32 per dollar from N30.25 per dollar on Thursday.
The turnover in the interbank foreign exchange market recorded its fourth daily decline by 42.5 per cent to $73.6 million from $128.2 million on Thursday.
This week, the naira strengthened by N1 per dollar in the official market, with turnover in the interbank foreign exchange market climbing to N683.2 million, representing a 76.7 per cent rise compared to N386.54 million recorded the previous week.
However, the local currency weakened in the parallel by N2 against the greenback.
The Nigerian naira maintained a relatively stable performance against the United States dollar at both the official and parallel foreign exchange markets as traders monitored liquidity conditions and demand pressures.
Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM) showed the naira trading around ₦1,361 to the dollar, reflecting a largely steady trend compared to recent sessions. The most recent NFEM rate published by the apex bank stood at approximately ₦1,361.05/$, while trading during the week remained within the ₦1,359–₦1,365 range.
Market data from recent official trading sessions also indicated that the naira had strengthened modestly in early June, supported by improved foreign exchange supply and sustained interventions aimed at enhancing market liquidity.
At the parallel market, commonly referred to as the black market, the dollar traded at between ₦1,390 and ₦1,405 on Friday, depending on location and transaction size. Several market trackers reported buying rates around ₦1,380–₦1,395 and selling rates between ₦1,393 and ₦1,405 per dollar.
The gap between the official and parallel market rates remained relatively narrow compared with previous months, reflecting ongoing efforts to improve transparency and liquidity in the foreign exchange market.
Currency dealers said market participants continue to watch foreign portfolio inflows, crude oil earnings, and Central Bank policies, all of which remain key factors influencing the naira’s direction in the coming weeks.
As of June 5, 2026, the dollar exchanged at about ₦1,361 in the official NFEM market, while parallel market transactions ranged from approximately ₦1,390 to ₦1,405 per dollar.
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