News
Why does Ramadan start at different times in different places?

Ramadan, the holiest month of the Muslim calendar, starts on Monday in some countries but on Tuesday in others. How is that possible?
The exact timings depend on when local Islamic authorities around the world declare the sighting of the new moon, the astronomical event that marks the start of the observance.
Here’s why there’s so much variation from place to place.
The basics
Islamic countries, and Muslims around the world, use the traditional Hijri calendar to mark religious events. Each month of that calendar begins with the sighting of the early crescent moon, and the holy month of Ramadan begins at the start of the ninth month.
These customs go back centuries. But the exact start time of Ramadan varies from place to place because it depends on a range of factors, including who observes the moon and how, and whether the sky is clear or cloudy at the time.
That explains why Saudi Arabia declared that Ramadan would start on Monday after reporting a sighting of the crescent moon on Sunday, but also why neighboring Oman reported the same day that the moon was not yet visible. As a result, the two countries will begin their Ramadan celebrations about 24 hours apart. The authorities in Iran, like Oman, have also declared Tuesday to be the official start of the holy month.
In Southeast Asia, Islamic authorities in several countries said over the weekend that they, too, would observe Ramadan from Tuesday, not Monday, after unsuccessful moon sightings. That gave millions of people across the region, including in Indonesia, the nation with the world’s largest Muslim population, an extra day to prepare.
‘A challenging mission’
Astronomers have argued for centuries about what constitutes a crescent moon sighting, according to a recent study in the journal Scientific Reports, which explored how artificial intelligence and machine learning could help predict the moon’s visibility.
New technologies make moon readings more accurate, but they can also make the process more complex, the study said. For instance, does it count as an official sighting if a new crescent moon can be seen by an optical aid but not by the naked eye?
“Deciding on the start of Ramadan has always been a challenging mission, and, as a result, not all Muslims start Ramadan synchronously,” the study’s authors wrote.
In Islamic countries, national guidance helps ensure that Muslims are on the same Ramadan timetable. In other places, the timing can depend on which religious guidance residents follow. This year, for example, the Fiqh Council of North America chose Monday, while the Council of Shia Muslim Scholars of North America chose Tuesday.
Other variables
It isn’t just the start date of Ramadan that varies from place to place. The exact amount of time that people hold their dawn-to-dusk fasts depends on which year it is, and where they live in relation to the Equator.
Because the Hijri calendar is about 11 days shorter than the 365-day-ish Gregorian calendar, the month of Ramadan moves around every year in Gregorian terms. That means the fasting day in the Northern Hemisphere will get shorter between now and 2031, when Ramadan coincides with the winter solstice, Al Jazeera reported. In the Southern Hemisphere, it will grow incrementally longer over the same period.
As for location, latitude matters because it determines the timing of local sunrise and sunset. Muslims who live close to the Equator, where the length of a day changes less from season to season, can expect a relatively consistent fasting schedule each year. For those living at extreme northern or southern latitudes, there is a lot more variation.
That helps explain why, in some parts of Scandinavia, Muslims observe Ramadan fasts based on the time in Mecca, thousands of miles away. If they didn’t, depending on when the holiday fell in a given year, they would either be fasting for most of the day, or barely at all.
News
Land tussle: Court grant Gowon, Sultan’s request to challenge verdict

The Court of Appeal in Abuja has granted leave to former Head of State, Gen. Yakubu Gowon and others to challenge the judgment of a High Court of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in the Barewa Old Boys Association (BOBA)’s land dispute.
The Sultan of Sokoto, Alhaji Saad Abubakar III, who is also a member of BOBA, including the school’s old boys association, are challenging the lower court judgment.
The court further dismissed the preliminary objection filed by Eagle Aluminium Industries Limited seeking to stop BOBA from filing a cross appeal.
In a unanimous ruling, a three-member panel of the appellate court held that the objection of Eagle Aluminium was an abuse of court process.
Justice Peter Chudi Obiorah, who delivered the ruling, held that the objection was pre-emptive and presumptuous as it was against the rules of the court.
“There is no provision in the Court of Appeal Rules, 2021, where a party served with a motion on notice and who wishes to oppose the application is permitted to do so by the filing of preliminary objection.
“Parties are not allowed to invent their own rules at their whims and caprice,” the judge said.
The ruling was endorsed by Justice Hamma Akawu Barka and Justice Ishaq Mohammed Sani.
The land, which was in the trust of the Gen. Gowon-led Board of Trustees (BoT), was sometime in 2007, reallocated to Haida Properties.
In 2009, the same plot of land was reallocated to Eagle Aluminum belonging to Mr Linus Ukachukwu unknown to the BoT of BOBA.
The alumni body, with the ruling, will join Eagle Aluminium Ltd as well as the Minister of the FCT and the FCTA in challenging the December 2020 judgment of the lower court that conferred ownership of the disputed 6, 500 square meters land on Haida Properties Limited.
The Court of Appeal had earlier declined to endorse a bilateral settlement agreement reached between Eagle Aluminium and Haida Properties to jointly develop the disputed land because the settlement agreement did not include other parties in the land dispute.
The alumni association, with Gowon, the Sultan of Sokoto and Justice Lawal Uwais (rtd.) on its BoT, had also filed a petition against a lawyer, Stella Oyiugo, at the Legal Practitioners Disciplinary Committee for allegedly representing the association in court without authorisation.
The Inspector-General of Police had also filed criminal charges against the suspects indicted by the investigation report on the same land deal, but the suspects are yet to be arraigned.
News
US based foundation offers detained Anambra witch doctors legal services

A charity foundation and equal rights group based in the United States of America, Tilova for Africa, has offered to pay for the services of lawyers who will defend the rights of over 30 native doctors arrested and detained by the Anambra State government.
The Chief Executive Officer of Tilova for Africa, Martins Nwabueze, stated this in Awka on Monday, while addressing journalists amidst widespread reactions trailing the heavy clampdown on native doctors across the state.
It was gathered that no fewer than 30 native doctors have been arrested and detained by the state government since the state assembly passed the Anambra Homeland Security Law in January as part of efforts to tackle insecurity.
Recall that the state commissioner for information, Dr Law Mefor, has confirmed that notable native doctors such as Chiedozie Nwangwu, popularly known as “Akwa okuko tiwaraki”, Onyebuchi Okocha, and 28 other native doctors were still in detention and undergoing investigation for allegedly preparing charms for criminals.
Nwabueze, who was reacting to these developments, described the arrest and detention of persons based on their religion or trade under the guise of fighting insecurity by the Anambra government as “unjust profiling.”
He said, “As a foundation, we shall work to ensure that these people enjoy equal rights like others, so, we are volunteering to provide free legal services for these people.
“We are aware of the enormous safety concerns in Anambra, but we should not allow the cyber antics of a few clowns parading as native doctors to make us enact laws that could impact the way of life and belief system of a people negatively.
“Nigeria is a secular state where everyone had rights to practice his or her religion or ply his or her trade without discrimination, intimidation, humiliation or scapegoating.”
He added that traditional medicine practice is an age-long profession which existed in many African societies and should not be abolished in Anambra because of presumptive evidence.
Nwabueze said his group was in total support of whatever would bring peace and security in Anambra, but insisted that nobody or group should be discriminated against because of their religion.
He urged the Anambra State government to release the native doctors if there was no evidence against them instead of keeping them perpetually in detention.
“Tilova for Africa has followed the development in Anambra State with concern; while we support the state governor on the effort to make the state safe and secure, we condemn the crackdown on indigenous religious practices in the State.
“The arrest and continued detention of over 30 native doctors by the Anambra State government just because it presumes that they prepare charms for criminals is not tenable.
“This type of crime fighting is primitive and unacceptable in 21st century Nigeria; we support the government to arrest crime and not content creators,” he added.
Nwabueze called on Soludo to invest in tech-driven security architecture with adequately trained manpower to ensure that only culprits were arrested, detained and prosecuted.
News
LG chairman, vice fired over financial infractions

Shira Local Government Council of Bauchi State on Monday disclosed the impeachment of the Local Government chairman, Abdullahi Beli, and his deputy, Usman Adamu.
The pronouncement was made in a statement issued by the Shira Local Government Council, led by Wali Adamu.
The statement resolution number SLGLC 003 revealed that following a committee investigation that found the impeached chairman and his deputy guilty of gross misconduct, financial mismanagement, failure to perform duties, and abuse of office.
This council hereby removes the Chairman (Hon. Abdullahi Ibrahim Beli) and his deputy, Hon Usman Adamu, from office as Chairman and Vice Chairman of Shira Local Government, respectively, effective immediately from today.
The statement read, “Grounds for Removal:
The removal of the Chairman and his deputy is based on the findings of the investigation committee, which has established that the Chairman and his deputy were engaged in financial mismanagement, failed to perform their duties, breached the trust placed in them and abused their office.”
The statement maintained that “This Council hereby declares the office of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of Shira Local Government Vacant.”
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