Health

Dementia cases are on the rise — avoid these 12 risks to keep your brain healthy

Published

8 months ago

May 12, 2024

By Kayode Sanni-Arewa

It is a condition that can be caused by a number of diseases that gradually destroy nerve cells and damage the brain, resulting in a decline in cognitive functions, according to the World Health Organization.

With the advancement of medicine, science and technology, people are living longer lives and the world’s aging population is growing at an unprecedented rate, raising the risk of a larger cohort of people living with dementia

“As the global population of older adults continues to rise, the number of people living with dementia is also expected to grow, reaching approximately 139 million dementia cases by the year 2050,” according to a recent report. As of 2023, there were more than 55 million people with dementia globally, according to the WHO.

By 2050, the population of people aged 65 and older will double to 2.1 billion, according to the World Health Organization.

Dementia risks

“Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people globally,” according to the WHO, with nearly 10 million new cases of dementia every year.

Although there is no cure for the condition, according to research published in 2023 by the WHO, psychologists and researchers are working to prevent its onset.

While age is still the strongest known risk factor for dementia, researchers have found a set of 12 “potentially modifiable risk factors,” according to The Lancet Commission’s 2020 report:

Less education

Hypertension

Hearing impairment

Smoking

Obesity

Depression

Physical inactivity

Diabetes

Low social contact

Excessive alcohol consumption

Traumatic brain injury

Air pollution

“Together the 12 modifiable risk factors account for around 40% of worldwide dementias, which consequently could theoretically be prevented or delayed,” according to The Lancet.

While socioeconomic status and education levels can impact the onset of dementia, particularly in early life, several other risks can be avoided, according to the study.

“What we currently know is — what’s good for your heart is good for your brain, and that’s because there are a lot of vascular risk factors for dementia,” Timothy Singham, Clinical Psychologist and Adjunct Senior Lecturer at the National University of Singapore, told CNBC Make It.

So, a lack of physical exercise, eating unhealthy foods, not getting enough sleep, drinking alcohol excessively as well as smoking puts a strain on your brain and risks developing future impairments, just like these pose a risk to one’s heart, said Singham.

While a healthy body can mitigate dementia risks, a healthy mind is no less important.

“We do know [that] people who have cumulative mental health symptoms during their lifetime, actually [have] an increased risk of dementia,” said Singham.

“If we see symptomatic improvement [to one’s mental health] throughout the life course, then that can decrease your chances of having dementia eventually.”

How to cut risks

Here are five key “protective factors” or things people can do to help prevent the onset of dementia:

Regular physical activity

Eating healthy

Building a healthy support network

Having good sleep hygiene

Find ways to regulate stress and emotions

It can be easy to get wrapped up in the quick pace of daily life, so it’s important to take breaks.

“Your mental health suffers really quickly if you’re not — physically active, you don’t get to breathe, you don’t get to see nature much, you’re cooped up in the office or at home all day,” Singham said.

Additionally, it is crucial to build a healthy support network, not just online, but also in-person.

“I think a lot of young people are [leaning on their] online social networks — but we need to not give up the face-to-face [meetups] with friends,” Ng Ai Ling, Deputy Director and Principal Counsellor at Viriya Community Services told CNBC Make It.

“The other thing I would encourage young people to do is have a very disciplined, good sleep hygiene because our brains really really need to rest,” Ng said. She suggests getting at least seven hours of sleep every night.

Lastly, finding ways to regulate emotions and stress is crucial. Finding professional help when required or leaning on your support network are ways to protect your mental health, in addition to the daily upkeep of maintaining a healthy diet, exercise and sleep.

Loved ones’ struggle

As dementia cases continue to rise, mental health professionals expect its impact to extend beyond just those who are directly affected.

“The caregiver themselves are struggling to understand the illness — you lose someone to the illness, and the person who you used to be able to relate to and communicate [with] is no longer the same,” Ng said.

Caregivers and loved ones may risk developing mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and insomnia, Ng explained.

“Suddenly — someone you’re familiar with, and that person is forgetting you, and [they are] unable to perform as [they did] before the illness … There is this emotional distress that you go through,” she said.

Given the challenging situation, it is also important for people around a dementia patient to take care of their own mental and physical health as well, experts said.

Health

Cholera kills nine in Rivers

Published

2 days ago

January 17, 2025

Kayode Sanni-Arewa

The Rivers State Government yesterday confirmed the death of nine persons in two local government areas from an outbreak of cholera.

Commissioner for Health, Dr Adaeze Oreh, who spoke in Port Harcourt yesterday, said three died in Andoni while six casualties were recorded in Akuku-Toru

She said the death occurred from 41 suspected cases in the two councils but noted that the government through the Ministry of Health had put measures in place to halt the disease.

Oreh said: “With the deepest sense of sympathy to victims of a suspected outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea caused by suspected cholera outbreak, because we, at the Ministry of Health, are yet to actually confirm that those deaths were from Cholera in Isiodun community of Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State.

“However, the symptoms of the cases reported are in keeping with the surveillance case definition of cholera.

“Cholera is an acute diarrhoea disease that is caused by the bacteria ‘vibrio cholerae’. It thrives in areas with poor water, sanitation and hygiene wash infrastructure.

“It is transmitted by drinking water that is contaminated or ingesting contaminated food as well as contact with surfaces that have been contaminated from infected persons”

She added: “As at the 13th of January, 2025 we have recorded a total of 41 suspected cases from two local government areas in the state. And those local governments are Andoni and Akuku-Toru.

“We have also recorded nine associated deaths out of which three are from Andoni. Six were confirmed from Akuku-Toru Local Government Area.

“It was majorly these deaths that were reported and brought to our attention that necessitates the quick response from our directorate of public health and Disease Control.

Health

3 Warning Signs of Diabetes You Must Never Overlook

Published

3 days ago

January 16, 2025

Kayode Sanni-Arewa

Diabetes is a chronic condition that, if left undetected, can lead to severe health complications. Early identification of diabetes symptoms can help you take preventive measures and avoid significant damage to your health. In this article, we explore the warning signs of diabetes that should never be ignored. Recognizing these signs early can make all the difference in managing this condition effectively.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that occurs when your body cannot regulate blood sugar levels effectively. This condition is primarily caused by either insufficient insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or the body’s inability to use insulin properly (Type 2 diabetes). Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage vital organs, nerves, and blood vessels, making early detection and intervention crucial.

3 Warning Signs of Diabetes
1. Constant Thirst (Polydipsia)

If you find yourself feeling excessively thirsty even after drinking water, especially in cooler weather, this could be a warning sign of diabetes. Constant thirst occurs because high blood sugar levels lead to increased urination, which dehydrates the body. This persistent dehydration triggers your brain to demand more fluids.

What to Do: If you experience unrelenting thirst despite staying hydrated, consult a healthcare provider to check your blood sugar levels.
2. Slow-Healing Wounds

Another critical sign of diabetes is delayed wound healing. High blood sugar levels impair the body’s ability to repair tissues and fight infections. You might notice that even small cuts or bruises take an unusually long time to heal.

Why It Happens: Prolonged exposure to high glucose levels damages blood vessels, reducing the supply of nutrients and oxygen needed for healing.
What to Do: Seek medical attention immediately to address slow-healing wounds and prevent complications like infections or ulcers.
3. Dry and Itchy Skin

Persistent dry or itchy skin, often mistaken for a rash, can also indicate diabetes. This symptom occurs because high blood sugar can cause dehydration and poor circulation, affecting the skin’s ability to retain moisture.

Other Skin Conditions: Diabetes can also lead to specific skin issues like acanthosis nigricans (dark, velvety patches) or bacterial and fungal infections.
What to Do: If you notice unusual itchiness or dryness, consult a doctor for a thorough evaluation of your blood sugar levels.
Additional Symptoms of Diabetes

While the above signs are critical, other symptoms may indicate diabetes as well:

Symptom Description
Frequent urination: The body tries to get rid of excess glucose through urine.
Unexplained weight loss: The body burns fat and muscle for energy when glucose is unavailable.
Fatigue: High or low blood sugar levels affect energy production.
Blurry vision: High glucose levels can cause swelling in the eye lenses.

Preventive Steps for Diabetes

Early detection of diabetes symptoms can help you take steps to manage or prevent complications. Below are essential lifestyle changes to consider:

Healthy Diet: Consume a balanced diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, and vegetables.
Regular Exercise: Physical activity helps the body use insulin effectively. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily.
Regular Health Check-Ups: Monitor blood sugar levels regularly, especially if you have a family history of diabetes.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help regulate blood sugar levels.

FAQs About Diabetes
1. What are the early signs of diabetes?

Early signs include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and dry or itchy skin.

2. Can diabetes be reversed?

Type 2 diabetes can sometimes be managed or even reversed through lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and weight loss. However, Type 1 diabetes requires lifelong insulin therapy.

3. Is dry skin always a sign of diabetes?

Not always. Dry skin can also result from weather changes, dehydration, or other skin conditions. However, persistent dryness accompanied by other symptoms may indicate diabetes.

4. What foods can help control diabetes?

Foods like leafy greens, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and omega-3-rich fish (salmon, sardines) can help regulate blood sugar levels.

5. How is diabetes diagnosed?

Diabetes is diagnosed through blood tests such as fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, or an oral glucose tolerance test.

What do diabetic legs look like?

Diabetic legs can exhibit a range of symptoms, including:

Poor wound healing: Cuts and sores may take a long time to heal or may not heal at all due to nerve damage and reduced blood flow.
Skin infections: People with diabetes are more susceptible to skin infections, especially in areas with poor circulation.
Darkened skin: The skin on the legs may appear thickened and discolored, often in a brownish or purplish hue. This is a sign of poor blood flow.
Swelling: Legs may appear swollen due to fluid retention or poor circulation.
Loss of hair: Hair loss on the legs can be a sign of peripheral neuropathy, a nerve damage associated with diabetes.
Shiny skin: The skin on the legs may appear shiny and taut due to a loss of elasticity.

Does drinking hot water reduce blood sugar?

There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that drinking hot water directly reduces blood sugar levels. However, staying hydrated is important for overall health, including blood sugar management.

How can I flush sugar out of my system fast?

The body naturally processes and removes sugar from the bloodstream. However, there are no quick fixes to “flush out” excess sugar. Here are some general tips for managing blood sugar levels:

Maintain a healthy diet: Focus on whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and refined carbohydrates.
Regular exercise: Physical activity helps your body use insulin more effectively.
Manage stress: Stress can raise blood sugar levels. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as yoga, meditation, or spending time in nature.
Medications: If prescribed by a doctor, take diabetes medications as directed.

What part of the body itches with diabetes?

Itching is a common symptom of diabetes, often caused by dry skin and nerve damage. Common areas that may itch include:

Hands
Feet
Legs
Groin
Underarms

What should diabetics drink first thing in the morning?

There is no single “best” drink for diabetics first thing in the morning. However, staying hydrated is important. Here are some options:

Water: Plain water is always a good choice.
Unsweetened tea or coffee: These can be enjoyed in moderation.
Unsweetened plant-based milk: Options like almond milk or soy milk can be a good source of calcium and vitamin D.
Conclusion

Recognizing the warning signs of diabetes—such as constant thirst, slow-healing wounds, and dry skin—is critical in preventing severe complications. Early detection allows for timely intervention, whether through lifestyle changes or medical treatment.

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned, consult a healthcare provider immediately. Taking proactive steps can improve your quality of life and help you manage diabetes effectively.

Health

Three die in Rivers cholera outbreak

Published

1 week ago

January 12, 2025

Kayode Sanni-Arewa

Three persons are feared dead in a suspected cholera outbreak in the Isiodum community of Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State.

It was gathered that the incident was discovered when a team from a multinational oil company visited the community to inspect a water rehabilitation project in the area.

A former Chairman of Andoni Local Government Area, Dr Gogo-Ogute Isaiah, who said he was with the oil firm working on the water rehabilitation project in the area, confirmed the incident in a statement on Saturday.

Isaiah said two of the three victims were from the same compound in the Isiodum community.

He said the duo were vomiting and shooting constantly before passing out, leading to their demise on Friday, while the third person died on Saturday.

Isaiah said, “I was in my community, Unyeada, this morning with a team of engineers from Bopean Totalelf to inspect the ongoing water rehabilitation project in Unyeada Town when the news of a suspected cholera outbreak in Isiodum got to me.

“Last night two people from the same compound of Isiodum community in Andoni local government Area named, Mr Micheal Agba and Mrs Abigail Rowland died through constant vomiting and stooling,

“As the battle to resuscitate others who are also attacked by the same disease continues, this morning, January 11th, 2025, one Mrs EkenereAwaji Loveday has just been reported dead. Others including Mrs. Amos Asitor are in a very critical condition as means to access medical attention in the area is nearly impossible.”

When contacted, media aide to the State Commissioner for Health, Ednah Alete, said she had yet to get a report of the incident, stating that she had sent the information to the Head of Disease Control in the state Ministry of Health and was awaiting response.

She, however, said the process of confirming an outbreak of the disease was procedural, including a team from the ministry visiting the community to take samples.