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Gen Joseph Aoun emerges president of Lebanon

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Lebanon’s army chief, Gen. Joseph Aoun, was elected president on Thursday after a more than two-year vacuum at the top position in the country amid deepening political rivalries, economic and financial strains and growing instability.

Aoun, who has been commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces since 2017, secured 99 votes out of 128 during the second round of a parliament session called by its speaker, Nabih Berri. During the first round of voting earlier on Thursday, Aoun received 71 votes, short of the 86 required to become president.

Article 49 of the Lebanese constitution prohibits serving government employees and members of the armed forces from running for president unless they secure two-thirds majority of the vote. Aoun therefore required a minimum of 86 parliamentary votes and not just a simple majority (65) to circumvent this rule.

In his first speech to the parliament as president, Aoun pledged to uphold Lebanon’s unity and sovereignty while asserting the state’s exclusive authority over all weapons in the country. “My mandate will emphasize the state’s right to monopolize arms,” he said, without mentioning the Iran-backed Lebanese militant group Hezbollah by name.

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The breakthrough followed intense regional and international diplomacy led by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and others. Thursday’s session followed the implementation of a 60-day ceasefire between Lebanon and Israel brokered by the United States, which took effect on Nov. 27, 2024. The ceasefire, which is up for renewal on Jan. 25, ended a 13-month conflict between Israel and Hezbollah. The Lebanese military plays a central role in implementing the arrangement.

Lebanon has been without a president since October 2022, when the term of Hezbollah-backed President Michel Aoun (no relation) concluded. Since then, the country’s fractured parliament has failed in 12 attempts to elect a new president, leaving Lebanon with a caretaker government operating with limited powers.

Regional and international actors, including Saudi Arabia and the United States, have ramped up diplomatic efforts in an apparent bid to secure the election of Aoun.

As the head of Lebanon’s army, Aoun has built a reputation for personal integrity. Many view him as incorruptible and a stabilizing figure for the nation.

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Who is Joseph Aoun?

Aoun was born to a Maronite Christian family in 1964 in the Sin el-Fil suburb of the Metn district, east of the capital Beirut. His family hails from the town of Aishiye in south Lebanon, making him the first president in the history of the republic from that region.

He holds a bachelor’s degree in political science with a focus in international affairs from the Lebanese American University and another bachelor’s in military science, according to the LAF website. In addition to his native Arabic language, Aoun is fluent in English and French.

He is married to Nehmat Nehmeh and together they have two children, Khalil and Nour. The family attended the second round of the vote on Thursday.

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Aoun’s military journey began in 1983, when he first enlisted in the army. He was subsequently promoted until he reached the rank of general and was then appointed as the LAF commander in March 2017, succeeding Gen. Jean Kahwaji.

He has had his mandate extended twice: In December 2023, the Lebanese Parliament approved a one-year extension of Aoun’s term. He was scheduled to retire in January 2024. Again, on Nov. 28, 2024, weeks before his tenure was set to expire on Jan. 10, 2025, Aoun’s term was renewed for an additional year.

Aoun underwent intensive military training both in Lebanon and abroad. In 1996, he went to Syria to receive commando training, and then again between October 2002 and April 2003 he trained in the neighboring country to become a battalion commander.

He also attended an international defense management course in the United States in 1999 and another international counter terrorism program between 2008 and 2009.

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Military achievements

Aoun’s military career gained prominence in 2015, when he was appointed commander of the 9th Brigade, tasked with operations along the border with Israel. Just a year later, he was reassigned to eastern Lebanon, near the Syrian border, where Islamist militants had established strongholds.

Under his leadership, the LAF led in August 2017 the so-called Fajr al-Joroud battle against the Islamic State and Jabhat al-Nusra in the barren lands (joroud) of Ras Baalbeck and al-Qaa in eastern Lebanon along the border with Syria.

The swift operation, which lasted less than two weeks, saw the killing of more than 150 jihadists, according to the army. A total of seven soldiers were killed in the battles, while the remains of eight soldiers who were kidnapped in 2014 and later executed by ISIS were found in the outskirts of Arsal. Aoun at the time said the military achieved a “decisive victory against terrorism.”

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More recently, during the cross-border hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah that erupted on Oct. 8, 2023, the Lebanese Armed Forces maintained a neutral stance. Despite this, the LAF faced attacks on its positions and personnel in southern Lebanon, resulting in the deaths of at least 40 soldiers. The conflict claimed nearly 4,000 lives and left over 16,500 people injured, according to the Lebanese Health Ministry.

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Gaza war: IDF confirms release of three hostages, identities revealed

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The Israeli Defence Forces, IDF, have confirmed the release of three hostages by Hamas terrorists.

Their release was part of the ceasefire agreement mediated between both warring parties.

In a statement on Sunday evening, the IDF said the released hostages would be reunited with their families.

The IDF said: “The three released hostages have arrived at the initial reception point in southern Israel, where they will be reunited with their mothers.

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“IDF officers from the Manpower Directorate and IDF medical officials are accompanying the released hostages during an initial medical assessment.

“IDF representatives are accompanying their families at the hospital and updating them with the latest available information.”

The three freed Israeli hostages are part of the first group of 33 to be released.

Those released are Romi Gonen, Doron Steinbrecher, and Emily Damari.

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In exchange, 90 Palestinian prisoners and detainees will also be released from Israeli prisons.

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Trump names Gibson, Stallone and Voight Hollywood ambassadors

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US President-elect Donald Trump has appointed three film stars to be special ambassadors tasked with promoting business opportunities in Hollywood.

“It is my honor to announce Jon Voight, Mel Gibson, and Sylvester Stallone, to be Special Ambassadors to a great but very troubled place, Hollywood, California,” Trump wrote on his Truth Social platform.

“They will serve as Special Envoys to me for the purpose of bringing Hollywood, which has lost much business over the last four years to Foreign Countries, BACK—BIGGER, BETTER, AND STRONGER THAN EVER BEFORE!”

All three celebrity figures have recently been associated with Trump and his election campaign. It is unclear what their roles will involve.

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In a statement, Gibson, 69, said he received the news “at the same time as all of you and was just as surprised.

“Nevertheless, I heed the call. My duty as a citizen is to give and help and insight I can.”

Gibson, who recently lost his home in the Los Angeles wildfires, added: “Any chance the position comes with an Ambassador’s residence?”

The Braveheart and Mad Max star had publicly endorsed Trump in a video released shortly before November’s election. He also criticised Vice-President Kamala Harris, who was Trump’s Democratic rival in the presidential race.

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Stallone, 78, best known for playing the titular character in the Rocky franchise, introduced Trump at Mar-a-Lago for his post-election victory speech.

He compared the president-elect to America’s first leader, calling him the “second George Washington”.

“Without him, you can imagine what the world would look like?” he said.

He added that Washington – who was president from 1789 to 1797 – didn’t realise he would change the world when he defended his country.

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Voight, 86, who starred in Midnight Cowboy and Pearl Harbor, is a long-time supporter of Trump and has called him the greatest president since Abraham Lincoln.

Here’s what to know about Donald Trump’s inauguration

It’s been a difficult few years for Hollywood with the Covid pandemic, multiple labour strikes, and competition with streaming services.

Lucas Shaw, a long-time Hollywood analyst, does not believe the new envoys can do much to help the struggling industry.

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“He [Trump] sees them as allies, and he can use them to talk about change in Hollywood, but I don’t imagine you’re going to have John Voight and Sylvester Stallone and Mel Gibson trying to figure out how to restore the cable bundle, or make streaming more profitable, or figure out how to make China import more Hollywood movies,” he said.

Trump’s relationship with Hollywood has been fraught with tension and controversy.

The entertainment industry was partly responsible for bringing Trump back to prominence with his reality show, The Apprentice, as it bolstered his image as a savvy businessman, Mr Shaw told the BBC.

Trump’s ascent to the White House changed the dynamic, putting him at odds with the politics of much of the industry.

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“Hollywood tends to donate to and support Democrats more than Republicans, and so it serves as an effective industry for him to criticise,” said Mr Shaw.

It is also easy to “portray as these rich fat cats who don’t have your interests in mind”.

In August 2019, during his first term, Trump criticised the film industry as “racist” and accused it of creating “very dangerous” movies.

His comments stemmed from controversy ahead of the release of the film The Hunt, an action-horror about a group of elites who hunt people for sport.

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Speaking outside the White House, he said that Hollywood was doing a “tremendous disservice to the country” by producing content that incites violence and division.

The following year, Trump took aim at the Academy Awards for selecting South Korean film Parasite as best picture.

He questioned how a foreign film could win the top honour and suggested it was undeserving.

Trump’s stance on immigration, climate change, and social justice has drawn sharp criticism from major celebrities, and he has faced the ire of stars like Meryl Streep and Robert De Niro.

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Some of his policies have also targeted Hollywood, including a push to end tax breaks for film production in certain states.

The announcement of his special ambassadors for Hollywood comes just four days before his inauguration in Washington DC on 20 January.

Los Angeles – the heart of the entertainment industry – is currently struggling to contain deadly wildfires that have destroyed thousands of homes and buildings and left many businesses struggling to recover.

Damages are estimated at approximately $250bn (£204bn).

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Biden sets record, grants clemency to 2,500 people

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By Francesca Hangeior.

 

President Joe Biden on Friday commuted the sentences of nearly 2,500 people convicted of non-violent drug offences in what the White House called the largest single-day act of clemency in US history.

Those whose sentences were commuted were serving “disproportionately long sentences” compared to what they would receive today, Biden said in a statement.

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He called the move “an important step toward righting historic wrongs, correcting sentencing disparities, and providing deserving individuals the opportunity to return to their families.”

“With this action, I have now issued more individual pardons and commutations than any president in US history,” Biden said, adding that he may issue further commutations or pardons before he hands over power to President-elect Donald Trump on Monday.

Biden commuted the sentences of nearly 1,500 people and pardoned 39 others last month.

Among those pardoned in December was Biden’s son Hunter, who was facing a possible prison sentence after being convicted of gun and tax crimes.

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Biden has meanwhile reportedly been debating whether to issue blanket pardons for some allies and former officials amid fears they could be targeted for what Trump has previously called “retribution.”

In December, Biden also commuted the death sentences of 37 of the 40 inmates on federal death row.

Three men were excluded from the move: one of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombers, a gunman who murdered 11 Jewish worshippers in 2018 and a white supremacist who killed nine Black churchgoers in 2015.

Trump has indicated that he will resume federal executions, which were paused while Biden was in office.

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