The exchange rate between the US dollar (USD) and the Nigerian naira (NGN) continues to fluctuate, influenced by economic policies, market demand, and foreign exchange availability.
Below is an overview of the current exchange rates in both the parallel (black market) and official markets.
Black Market (Parallel Market) Exchange Rate – January 29, 2025
The black market, also known as the parallel market, operates outside the regulatory framework of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Traders and Bureau De Change (BDC) operators in Lagos and other major cities offer the following rates today:
Buying Rate: ₦1,630 per $1
Selling Rate: ₦1,640 per $1
These rates are based on reports from currency traders and may vary slightly depending on location and negotiation power.
Official Exchange Rate – Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Rate
The CBN determines the official exchange rate, which is used for transactions involving government-approved forex allocations, import/export activities, and other formal financial dealings. As of January 28, 2025, the official exchange rate stands at:
Highest Rate: ₦1,537 per $1
Lowest Rate: ₦1,530 per $1
It is important to note that the CBN does not recognize the parallel market and has advised individuals and businesses seeking foreign exchange to conduct transactions through licensed banks and authorized forex dealers.
Factors Affecting the Naira’s Value Against the Dollar
Several factors contribute to the exchange rate fluctuations in both the black market and official forex markets. Some key influences include:
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Nigeria’s forex reserves impact the CBN’s ability to intervene in the market and stabilize the naira.
Oil Prices: Since Nigeria is an oil-dependent economy, changes in global oil prices significantly affect the supply of dollars in the country.
Inflation and Economic Policies: High inflation rates, government fiscal policies, and CBN interventions play a role in determining the naira’s strength.
Demand for Foreign Currency: Businesses, importers, and individuals requiring forex for travel, education, or medical reasons often turn to the black market when supply at official rates is limited.
Speculation and Market Sentiment: The perception of Nigeria’s economic stability, political climate, and investor confidence also influence exchange rates.
CBN’s Efforts to Curb Black Market Activities
In recent months, the Central Bank has implemented several measures to reduce dependence on the black market and improve access to forex through official channels. These include:
Strengthening forex regulations to prevent illegal trading.
Increasing dollar supply to banks to meet legitimate demand.
Encouraging foreign investments to boost forex reserves.
Promoting local production to reduce reliance on imported goods, which drives forex demand.
Despite these efforts, the parallel market remains a popular option for many due to the difficulty in obtaining forex at the official rate.
As the Nigerian economy navigates ongoing challenges, forex rates continue to be a critical concern for businesses and individuals. While the official rate remains below the black market rate, the gap between the two highlights the ongoing struggle to stabilize the naira.
For those engaging in forex transactions, it is advisable to compare rates from multiple sources and remain updated on CBN policies to make informed financial decisions.
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