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Underserved connectivity and the government’s 4,000 Towers initiative

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By Sonny Aragba-Akpore

Worried by the growing insecurity in the country and poor connectivity in underserved communities, the Federal Executive Council (FEC) recently approved 4,000 Towers to boost communications. Although details of the implementation and distribution of the 4,000 towers were sketchy, the Information and National Orientation Minister, Mr Mohammed Idris, said the FEC approved the 4,000 towers to boost connectivity and security across the nation.
Announcing the decision, Idris said, “The Federal Executive Council took a decision that 4,000 of such towers be established or erected in these very underserved communities across this country. “Indeed, this will also help in fighting insecurity and enhancing commerce and economic activity amongst the people of those communities,” Idris explained that the programme, 4,000 towers will be erected in underserved communities to boost public communications.
He said the decision followed

“A presentation of the Minister of Communications and Digital Economy, Mr Bosun Tijani, indicating that no fewer than 23 million Nigerians are currently underserved, meaning that they are unable to do any form of communication due to the absence of some of these towers. “The rollout is expected to significantly improve rural connectivity, stimulate commerce and enhance security surveillance in areas currently lacking network coverage.” Beautiful as the initiative seems, the Minister did not mention how much will be involved in the project and under which conditions and procedures will be followed to execute the project implementation.
Apart from the infrastructure interventions of the Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF) an organ of telecommunications regulator, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) that erects BTS and towers to boost connectivity in black spots and underserved areas, it is not clear how FEC intends to proceed with the erection of these towers to happen more so since no budget provision was announced in that regard. Building a tower is not a tea party, as huge expenditure goes into actualising one. Besides the capital outlay on erecting towers, such towers don’t come cheaply. Other costs follow, including security and the hydra-headed Right of Way fees charged by state and local council governments. Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) have had to contend with multiple taxes to sustain and maintain the towers that accommodate the Base Transceiver Stations (BTS).
Will the government build the towers in collaboration with network providers? So many questions are hanging as no details of the implementation are available as we write this. Yes, if actualised, communication will improve, but the process of delivering this remains unknown.
The NCC data show that the number of base stations deployed by mobile network operators since 2001, when Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM) began, stood at 137,992 by end-of-2023.
But industry-analysis sources claim that by 2024 (or very recently), the total may have reached ~145,141 base stations nationwide.
The breakdown of recent data (2022–2025) on BTS/towers indicates that approximate distribution by operator / tower-company, and what is (and isn’t) publicly available. However, as of December 2022, the total BTS across Nigeria were 127,294. By end-2023, the total BTS rose to 137,992.
And by December 2024, the total number of base stations reported was 145,141.
Also, by end-2024, there were roughly 39,880 telecom towers in Nigeria (that is, physical mast/tower structures), reflecting both “macro towers” and collocated sites, including infrastructure-sharing arrangements.
The 4,000 towers being proposed will increase the number to about 44,000.
Sensing the high cost of building base stations and maintenance of the same, many mobile network operators (MNOs) lease rather than own the physical tower infrastructure. Thus, there is now a separation between “base stations/BTS” (active radio equipment) and “tower structures.”
This is typical worldwide and increasingly common in Nigeria now to reduce the costs of putting up one.
Apart from that, the NCC introduced infrastructure sharing many years ago to cushion the cost of individual companies erecting and maintaining the same.
Analysts state that as of 2023, the bulk of towers in Nigeria were owned/managed by tower companies (“Tower Cos”), and not directly by MNOs.
The main tower companies and their approximate holdings (as reported in a 2023 “industry infrastructure” breakdown) include:
IHS Towers — about 18,925 towers
ATC Nigeria (subsidiary of American Tower Corporation) — about 8,270 towers
Globacom — directly owns and manages towers (unlike MNOs that lease towers from TowerCos) . Several smaller “TowerCo” operators (e.g. Pan-African Tower, East Castle, ColoPlus, others) — cumulatively adding to tens of thousands of towers. MNOs themselves directly manage only a small fraction of the total towers. For example, as of 2024, the majority of towers (~30,597 out of 39,880) are under TowerCos, while MNOs own about 9,283 towers.
Because of the lease / infrastructure-sharing model, each tower may host equipment from multiple operators — allowing multiple BTS per tower (or multiple MNOs sharing the same site) and making the mapping between “towers” and “BTS / base stations” non-trivial.
BTS is the electronic equipment used in mobile networks, including 2G/3G/4G/ and 5G.
BTS sends and receives radio signals to/from mobile phones
, performing encoding, modulation, and signal processing by connecting to a Base Station Controller (BSC) or directly to a core network (in 4G/5G)
BTS components include Radios (RRUs), Baseband unit (BBU), Power supply and backup batteries. There are also Antenna systems, Radio Frequency and fibre connections. BTSs are often installed at the base or inside a shelter near the tower.
The tower houses the BTS and can hours many more hours by global best practices.
While there are an estimated 145,000 BTSs, a little over 40,000 towers housover 145,000 BTS.
If the government can add 4,000 towers, the number will increase to about 44,000, although the NCC projects that for the country to enjoy robust telecommunication services, a minimum number of 80,000 towers is needed.

The 4,000-tower initiative is the second by the government to bridge the digital divide.
Earlier in the year 2025, the government announced the 90,000-fibre optic project in the country.
Known as Project Bridge, it is currently the largest digital fibre backbone investment in any developing nation.
The bold and strategic effort is to lay a 90,000km wholesale, open-access fibre network across the country,” Minister Tijanni said in an update on his X handle recently.He is quoted as saying: “It is designed to deliver high-speed, resilient, and equitable broadband connectivity to every corner of Nigeria – from major urban hubs to remote communities.”
The minister said the project marks a major step forward in the Federal Government’s mission to build an inclusive and future-ready digital economy for Nigerians. The project is a central part of Nigeria’s National Broadband Plan (2020-2025), which aims to boost internet penetration to 70 per cent by the end of 2025 and 80 per cent for underserved populations by 2027.
Project Bridge, which is expected to create more jobs, will operate under a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) to ensure efficiency and accountability.
The connectivity project is expected to cost the government $2 billion, and it is being funded by Direct Foreign Investment (DFI) loans and private equity, with the government holding a minority stake of 25–49 per cent in an independently run SPV.
The project targets 20,000 direct and 150,000 indirect jobs, and 1.5 per cent GDP growth. It aims to contribute from $472.6 billion to $502 billion GDP in four years.
According to the digital economy minister, Project Bridge is structured to support the needs of both large and small Internet Service Producers, ISPs. It offers scalable access through core, metropolitan, and middle-mile layers.
He promised that the digital fibre optic will accelerate fixed broadband growth nationwide by enabling healthy competition and network sharing.
The project will add 90,000km to the existing 35,000km network of fibre optic cables, thereby deepening the country’s digital backbone.
He promised that the digital fibre optic will accelerate fixed broadband growth nationwide by enabling healthy competition and network sharing.
The project design possesses seven regional backbone rings, which interconnect Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones and Lagos.
These rings will form a resilient national framework of 125,000km of fibre that ensures redundancy, minimises latency, and supports seamless data flow across the country.
Tijani is quoted as saying that the structure is critical to meeting growing national demand for high-capacity digital infrastructure.
He further explained that each region is covered by a dedicated fibre ring to connect urban centres and enhance regional connectivity.
“Each region is covered by a dedicated fibre ring (Lagos, South West, South South, South East, North Central, North East, and North West), strategically planned to connect urban centres and enhance regional interconnectivity. This regional design supports economic activity, governance, education, and digital access across all zones,” he stated.

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Opinion

My Response to Gabriel Tomoni, Speaker, IYC Eastern Zone

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𝑩𝒚 𝑹𝒆𝒙-𝑫𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒆𝒍 𝑨𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂 𝑻𝒂𝒎𝒖𝒏𝒐𝒊𝒎𝒃𝒖

Gabriel Tomoni’s recent broadcast attacking the Rivers Ijaw Peoples’ Congress (RIPCO) is not only disappointing, it is deeply misdirected, emotional, and constitutionally hollow.
RIPCO did not issue its statement out of malice, betrayal, or hostility to the Ijaw Nation.

We spoke from history, from facts, and from a deep understanding of political reality; three things that cannot be replaced by ethnic chest-beating.
Let us be clear from the outset:

Nyesom Wike is not an enemy of the Ijaw Nation. Any attempt by the INC or IYC to frame him as such is intellectually dishonest and historically false.

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𝑶𝒏 𝑾𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝑰𝒋𝒂𝒘 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒔 – 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒔, 𝑵𝒐𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

Since becoming Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Nyesom Wike has facilitated over 20 federal appointments for Ijaw sons and daughters; the highest concentration of Ijaw federal appointments within a single political season in our history.

This is not propaganda. These appointments are verifiable in public records across federal boards, agencies, commissions, and ministerial structures.
For the avoidance of doubt:

Even during the presidency of Dr. Goodluck Jonathan, the Ijaw Nation did not record this volume of strategic federal placements.

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Influence in Nigerian politics is measured by access, appointments, and leverage, not by slogans and street rhetoric.

𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑾𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝑾𝒂𝒔 𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒐𝒓, 𝑾𝒉𝒐 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒅?

As Governor of Rivers State, Wike deliberately zoned virtually all critical power blocs of government to Ijaw interests, including:

– Key security-sensitive offices
– Revenue and infrastructure-driven ministries
– Strategic political and administrative appointments
– This was not accidental. It was intentional inclusion.

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Yet today, the same man is being branded an “enemy” by those who benefited most from his decisions.

– That is not activism.
– That is political amnesia.

𝑻𝒉𝒆 24-𝒀𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑 𝑫𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒕; 𝑾𝒉𝒐 𝑭𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝑰𝒕?

Let history speak plainly.

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After Dr. Peter Odili, Ijaws endured a 24-year governorship drought in Rivers State, dominated largely by Ikwere political succession.

Even Dr. Goodluck Jonathan, despite being Ijaw, and married to an Ijaw woman, could not produce an Ijaw Governor in Rivers State.

Why?
Because at critical moments, Ijaw political elites (Jonathan’s) abandoned their own credible sons, including:

– Abiye Sekibo
– George Sekibo
– Sampson Parker
– Tammy Danagogo
and others

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They were abandoned not because they lacked competence, but because political pragmatism – not ethnic sentiment – favoured Wike as the only man capable of dismantling the Amaechi succession machine.

Those same Ijaw elites (Jonathan’s) rallied behind Wike, because they knew power respects capacity, not ancestry.

𝑯𝒐𝒘 𝑺𝒊𝒎 𝑭𝒖𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝑩𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒐𝒓, 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑼𝒔 𝑵𝒐𝒕 𝑳𝒊𝒆 𝑻𝒐 𝑶𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒔

It was Nyesom Wike – not the IYC, not the INC – that personally took responsibility to produce an Ijaw Governor in Siminalayi Fubara after 24 years of exclusion.

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He had other viable options:
– Ogoni
– Ikwere
Yet he chose Ijaw.

That decision restructured Rivers politics permanently.

Three months into office, however, Governor Fubara turned against the very political structure that brought him to power.

Call it independence if you like – but rebellion without constitutional discipline is recklessness.

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𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑨𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒕𝒉𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

This is where Gabriel Tomoni and his allies have failed the Ijaw Nation.

The Rivers crisis is no longer about Wike vs Fubara.
– It is about law vs impunity.
– The Supreme Court has ruled.
– The Constitution is clear.
– A Governor cannot lawfully spend public funds without presenting a budget.
– Persistent refusal constitutes gross misconduct.

Instead of mediating and calling their “son” to order, the INC and IYC chose ethnic bias over constitutional responsibility – openly cheering actions that undermine the rule of law.

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– That is dangerous precedent.
– Today it favours an Ijaw man.
– Tomorrow it will destroy an Ijaw administration.

𝑶𝒏 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 – 𝑩𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆, 𝑵𝒐𝒕 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔

If the Rivers State House of Assembly is moving toward impeachment, it is not because Fubara is Ijaw.

It is because:
– Court judgments are being ignored
– Legislative authority is being undermined
– Public funds are being spent outside constitutional limits

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* No ethnic organization should defend illegality.
* Ijaw dignity is not protected by lawlessness.

𝑾𝒉𝒚 𝑹𝑰𝑷𝑪𝑶 𝑻𝒐𝒐𝒌 𝑰𝒕𝒔 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

Rivers Ijaw Peoples’ Congress has a simple, principled position:
– Yes, Fubara is our son.
– But the Constitution is superior to bloodlines.
– Wike stood by the law, the Assembly, and institutional order.
– We owe gratitude, not war, to the man who restored Ijaw relevance in Rivers politics.

• Politics is memory.
• Politics is reciprocity.
• Politics punishes ingratitude.

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If the Ijaw Nation is seen as hostile to allies after benefiting from them, other ethnic blocs will think twice before supporting an Ijaw cause in the future.

𝑨 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒅 𝑻𝒐 𝑮𝒂𝒃𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒍 𝑻𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒊

Gabriel Tomoni should redirect his courage.
Instead of attacking RIPCO, he should:

• Admonish Governor Fubara to obey court judgments
• Demand constitutional compliance
• Call for reconciliation, not escalation
• Defend the rule of law, not selective ethnicity
• That is leadership.

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𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑻𝒐 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑰𝒀𝑪/𝑰𝑵𝑪

In three years, what tangible political capital has Governor Fubara delivered to the Ijaw Nation – locally or nationally?
Now compare that to:

– What Wike did in his first tenure as Governor
– What he is still doing today as FCT Minister
– Then answer honestly:

Who has truly proven himself a son of the Ijaw Nation – even if adopted?

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𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑴𝒆 𝑬𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒆 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑻𝒊𝒑 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒚 𝑷𝒆𝒏 𝑾𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒔:

RIPCO stands firm.
We choose:

• Law over lawlessness
• Strategy over sentiment
• Gratitude over ingratitude
• The future of the Ijaw Nation over temporary emotional applause
• Wisdom is knowing when to fight and when not to destroy the ladder that lifted you.

• Rivers Ijaw Peoples’ Congress is on the right side of history.

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Opinion

KARIMI AWARDS SCHOLARSHIPS TO CHILDREN OF DEMISED CONSTITUENT

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Senator representing Kogi West Senatorial District, Sunday Steve Karimi has announced an annual scholarship for children of one of his constituents, Sunday Ojo, a.k.a. Ajaga. Ojo a prominent youth leader, community mobiliser and businessman from who hailed from Ponyan in Yagba East council area, died recently after a brief illness.

Reacting to the news of his demise, Senator Karimi who is also the Senate Committee Chairman on Services, noted that Ojo’s departure was indeed a very painful loss, not only to his family and immediate community, but to the senatorial zone as a whole. He applauded Ojo’s endeavours in community development, as a hardworking young man who pursued legitimate entrepreneurial concerns, rather than await handouts from the political class. According to him, Ojo was a notable farmer, who supported settler farmers in the community and availed them farming inputs, from his modest resources. He noted that Ojo was not predisposed to brigandage and violence which have become features of our contemporary politics in parts.

Karimi, who has been very notably committed to educational advancement in Kogi West, pledged the sum of N1.5 million annually, for the next four years, as scholarship awards for Sunday Ojo’s children in tertiary institutions. According to the Kogi West parliamentarian: “We are renowned in Kogi West and Okunland for wholesale immersion in educational pursuits. Education, as we all know, has been the fulcrum of my official and personal interventions as representative of our people over the years. Our 2025/2026 statewide scholarship will cost us N300million. This is soon after the initial N139million which we expended on scholarships for Kogi West, the previous cycle. Over the next four years, we will support the education of Sunday Ojo’s children pursuing advanced education with a cumulative N6million, at N1.5million per year.” Senator Karimi commiserated with Sunday Ojo “Ajaga’s” family and community at large, and prayed for them for the fortitude to manage the pain of his departure.

Responding on behalf of Ojo’s family and community, Engr Kayode Olagbayo, a prominent businessman and politician from Ponyan, thanked Senator Karimi for his generosity. His words: “Senator, you have by this pronouncement lifted a heavy burden off the back of Sunday Ojo’s family. He was the indisputable breadwinner of his family and his unfortunate exit would have taken a toll on the seamless education of his children. But you’ve stepped in where it truly matters, not as a politician, but as a true African father who is his brother’s keeper, especially in his absence.” Olagbayo enjoined the people of Kogi West to continue to support their elected leaders wholeheartedly as they strive through challenges to impact their constituents and communities.

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*Busayo Tosin*
*Media Officer to Senator Sunday Karimi*
*Chairman, Senate Committee on Services*

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Opinion

Rivers State and the Constitutional Burden of Legislative Power

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By Abdul Mahmud

The Rivers State House of Assembly last week served impeachment notices on Governor Siminalayi Fubara and Deputy Governor Ngozi Odu respectively. The notices and the proceedings that will ultimately ensue draw their forces from the Constitution.

Although the impeachment notices emerged from a political environment marked by prolonged institutional conflict and conduct the legislature considers inconsistent with constitutional duty, their issuance squarely falls within the lawful powers of the House of Assembly. The Constitution does not condition legislative authority on political harmony or executive approval. On the contrary, it anticipates conflict and equips the legislature with instruments to manage it within legal bounds. Impeachment serves as one such instrument, designed to restrain executive power where dialogue has failed and constitutional norms appear threatened. The presence of political tension does not taint the process. It underscores its necessity. When institutional disagreements harden into sustained obstruction or disregard for constitutional obligations, the legislature bears a duty to act.

In exercising that duty through impeachment proceedings, the House affirms its role as the guardian of constitutional order, ensuring that political disputes remain subject to law rather than resolved through force, fiat, or governance paralysis.
In a constitutional democracy, impeachment stands as a grave instrument. Its gravity does not diminish its legitimacy. The power belongs to the legislature, and its exercise calls for sober analysis rather than alarm. Rivers State has endured months of political turbulence marked by a breakdown of trust between the executive and the legislature. That breakdown did not occur in a vacuum. It followed disputes over the control of legislative business, the status of members, access to public funds, and compliance with judicial pronouncements.

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The Assembly insists that the executive has acted in ways that weaken legislative authority and frustrate constitutional governance. In that charged environment, the impeachment notice signals an attempt by the legislature to reassert its constitutional place.
The 1999 Nigerian Constitution establishes a system of separation of powers anchored on mutual restraints. The legislature occupies a central position within that design. At the state level, the House of Assembly wields the authority to make laws, approve budgets, oversee public expenditure, and hold the executive to account. These powers do not depend on executive goodwill or fiat. They derive directly from the Constitution. Where the Assembly believes that the Governor or Deputy Governor has committed gross misconduct, the Constitution confers on the Assembly the power to commence impeachment proceedings. Impeachment, properly understood, functions as a constitutional safeguard. It protects the polity from executive excess and preserves the supremacy of the Constitution.

The threshold for impeachment remains high, and the process carries procedural safeguards. Notice must be served. Allegations must be stated. Investigations must follow. A panel of inquiry must be constituted. The Assembly must reach the constitutionally required majority. Each stage underscores legislative primacy in enforcing constitutional discipline within the executive arm.

The political context in Rivers State has sharpened the stakes. The House of Assembly claims that the executive has sought to govern without legislative cooperation. Allegations include attempts to bypass the Assembly in budgetary matters and to impede legislative sittings. The Constitution vests the power of appropriation in the legislature. No public funds may be withdrawn from the Consolidated Revenue Fund of a state without legislative authorisation. Where a Governor presents a budget to a faction or declines to present one to a duly constituted Assembly, the allegation points to a serious breach of constitutional process. Another area of concern centers on compliance with court orders.

The rule of law binds all authorities and persons. The Assembly alleges that the executive has disregarded judicial decisions relating to the functioning of the legislature and the recognition of its leadership. Disobedience to court orders strikes at the heart of constitutional governance. The Constitution envisions courts as arbiters of constitutional disputes. Executive defiance undermines legal certainty and weakens democratic institutions.

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