Economy
Foreign reserves falls by $1.3bn, CBN confirms
Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves fell by $1.31bn in February 2025, reflecting sustained external pressures amid the recent appreciation of the naira.
Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria showed that reserves declined from $39.72bn on January 31, 2025, to $38.42bn on February 28, 2025, representing a 3.3 per cent drop within the month.
The decline in February was slightly higher than the $1.16bn drop recorded in January, highlighting the continued strain on the country’s external reserves.
The steady depletion of reserves has raised concerns amid rising speculations that the apex bank’s sustained interventions in the foreign exchange market, aimed at bridging liquidity gaps and stabilising the naira, have come at the cost of reducing external reserves.
Despite this, the local currency strengthened significantly against major foreign currencies in February, suggesting that the CBN’s efforts have had some positive impact in restoring confidence in the market.
Nigeria’s reserves recorded a consistent decline throughout February, with no single day of increase.
At the beginning of the month, reserves stood at $39.60bn on February 3, dropping to $39.54bn on February 4, signalling the start of a downward trend.
By February 7, reserves had fallen to $39.04bn, slipping further to $39.27bn on February 10.
The downward trajectory persisted into the second week of the month, with reserves standing at $39.15bn on February 12 and declining to $38.88bn by February 17.
By the third week of February, reserves had weakened further, dropping to $38.72bn on February 19 and $38.69bn on February 21.
As the month drew to a close, reserves had further declined to $38.41bn on February 28, reflecting a continuous downward trend throughout the month.
The fall in reserves has been attributed to multiple factors, including Nigeria’s heavy dependence on imports, which exerts pressure on foreign exchange reserves.
The country remains highly reliant on imports of industrial goods and food supplies, leading to high FX outflows.
Although oil prices have rebounded in recent months, Nigeria’s oil production challenges, crude theft, and pipeline vandalism have constrained forex inflows from the oil sector, limiting the CBN’s ability to shore up reserves.
The depletion of external reserves has also raised concerns over Nigeria’s capacity to meet external debt obligations.
The country holds significant foreign debt, and a further decline in reserves could weaken its ability to make timely debt repayments, potentially increasing borrowing costs.
A lower reserve level could also affect Nigeria’s credit rating and investor confidence, making it more expensive for the government to access international capital markets.
Despite the steady decline in reserves, the naira made notable gains against major foreign currencies in February, marking its strongest performance since the beginning of the year.
By the end of the month, the naira appreciated against the US dollar, closing at N1,540/$ from N1,620/$ at the start of the month, reflecting a 7.41 per cent gain.
It also strengthened against the British pound, rising from N2,000/£ to N1,910/£, marking a 4.50 per cent increase. Similarly, the naira appreciated against the euro, improving from N1,660/€ to N1,550/€, showing a 6.34 per cent gain.
The official exchange rate followed a similar trend, stabilising above N1,500/$ in the final weeks of February.
Data from the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market showed that the naira closed at N1,496/$ at the official window, narrowing the gap between the official and parallel market rates.
The convergence of the official and parallel market exchange rates indicates that Nigeria may be moving towards a unified forex market, reducing the speculation and arbitrage that have previously contributed to forex volatility.
The naira depreciated to N1, 615 per dollar in the parallel market from N1,610 per dollar on Monday.
Likewise, the Naira depreciated to N1,602 per dollar in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM).
Data published by the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, showed that the indicative exchange rate for the naira rose to N1,602 per dollar from N1,596 per dollar on Monday, indicating N6 depreciation for the naira.
Consequently, the margin between the parallel market and NFEM rate narrowed to N13 per dollar from N14 per dollar on Monday.
The Nigerian stock market opened the week on a bullish note on Monday, gaining N228 billion on the Nigerian Exchange Ltd.
Market capitalisation rose by N228 billion or 0.34 per cent and closed at N66.693 trillion compared to Friday’s figure of N66.465 trillion.
Similarly, the All-Share Index (ASI) climbed by 363.57 points or 0.34 per cent, reaching 106,116.18 from 105,752.61 recorded earlier.
The Nigerian stock market opened the week on a bullish note on Monday, gaining N228 billion on the Nigerian Exchange Ltd.
Market capitalisation rose by N228 billion or 0.34 per cent and closed at N66.693 trillion compared to Friday’s figure of N66.465 trillion.
Similarly, the All-Share Index (ASI) climbed by 363.57 points or 0.34 per cent, reaching 106,116.18 from 105,752.61 recorded earlier.
The positive trend was driven by strong buying interest in medium and large-cap stocks including International Breweries, Legend Internet Plc, Cadbury Nigeria, Fidson and more.
In spite of the upward trend, the market breadth closed positively, with 47 gainers and 16 losers.
International Breweries led the gainers’ chart, rising by 10 per cent to close at N8.47 per share.
Legend Internet Plc followed, appreciating by 9.97 per cent to settle at N7.50 per share.
Cadbury Nigeria gained by 9.96 per cent, and end the day at N29.25, while Fidson rose by 9.95 per cent to close at N20.45 per share.
Eterna also advanced by 9.90 per cent to close at N43.85 per share.
On the losers’ chart, Livestock Feeds dropped by 10 per cent, closing at N8.55 per share.
Aradel Holdings declined by 9.86 per cent to end the session at N448.00 per share
Tripple Gee fell by 9.60 per cent to close at N1.79, while John Holt Plc shed 7.94 per cent to close at N5.80 per share.
Linkage Assurance lost by 6.15 per cent, and finished the day at N1.22 per share.
A total of 500.59 million shares worth N12.110 billion were traded in 17,637 transactions.
This is compared to Friday’s 428.08 million shares worth N20.174 billion, exchanged across 14,284 transactions.
Access Corporation led the activity chart with 60.867 million shares traded, which was worth N1.45 billion.
Fidelity Bank followed with 56.105 million shares valued at N1.13 billion while the United Bank for Africa sold 34.53 million shares worth N1.174 billion.
Guarantee Trust Holding Company transacted 33.49 million shares valued at N2.181 billion and the Nigerian Breweries traded 28.336 million shares, amounting to N1.15 billion.
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