News
Higher prices loom as businesses rely more on loans to survive
Nigerians will soon experience another wave of increases in the prices of goods by major manufacturers as most of them now depend more on loans to fund their operations, resulting in higher interest payments and increased cost of production.
Financial Vanguard investigations show that due to scarcity of foreign exchange, general cash flow challenges and other economic headwinds during the period, major manufacturing firms sustained their businesses with bank loans amounting N1.833 trillion in the nine months of the year 2023 , 9M’23.
The amount indicates increased borrowing of about 52.6% higher than the N1.2 trillion in the corresponding period of 9M’22.
Financial experts say the companies may have ended up in a debt trap following the rise in Monetary Policy Rate, MPR regime, sustained by the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN throughout the review period in order to tame inflation that rose to 28.92 % as at December 2023, a development that triggered rising lending rates across the banking and finance sector.
This development, according to financial experts, indicates that the companies that borrowed huge in the 9M’23 are now caught in a serious debt situation as cost of operating capital is now rising, a situation that will impact their profit negatively, and also restrict their ability to pay higher dividend.
Financial information from 17 leading manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Limited, NGX, showed that the finance cost (interest on borrowing) rose by a significant 332.3% percent to N589.623billion in 9M’23 from N136.379 billion in 9M’22.
The companies include: Nigerian Breweries, Dangote Cement, Lafarge Africa, Guinness Nigeria, Gsk, Beta Glass, Unilever Nigeria, Dangote Sugar, Okomu Oil.
Others are Nestle Nigeria, BUA Cement, Notore Chemicals, NASCON Allied Industries, Cadbury Nigeria, BUA Foods, Vitafoam Nigeria and International Breweries.
Analysts and investment experts have decried the high cost of borrowing from the banks, saying that the capital market remains the best financing option for manufacturers to run on long term funds.
International Breweries led the borrowing chart in absolute term recording N323.25 billion in 9M’23 from N148.99 billion in 9M’22. It was followed by Nigeria Breweries whose borrowing rose to N307.99 billion from N113.69 billion in the corresponding year 2022.
Dangote Cement occupied the third position posting N267.13 billion from N269.19 billion in 9M’22. It was followed by BUA Cement occupying the fourth position as its borrowings rose to N258.26 billion from N97.46 billion while BUA Foods followed as its borrowings surged to N 237.79 billion as against N211.67 billion in 9M’22.
Analysts’ insight
Victor Chiazor, Analyst and Head of Research & Investment at FSL Securities Limited said: “The manufacturing sector will continue to be negatively impacted by the high finance cost, especially given that the banks all responded to the high MPR. Until the Benchmark interest rate is reduced by the CBN, the banks won’t drop their interest rate and the high interest expense will continue to weaken the profitability of manufacturing companies and even throw some of them into loss positions.
“In the course of the year, if we see inflation taper down, the MPC team may begin to ease its hawkish stance and drop the MPR which should lead to a gradual drop in interest rates. However if rates remain high, the real sector of the economy will continue to struggle as the interest rates would be too expensive for businesses to thrive.
Also, though expensive, the option of raising equity capital remains viable especially for those who have impressive earning forecast, strong business model and a compelling story to tell. In the course of the year we may see one or two manufacturing companies raise equity capital from the capital market to support their businesses.”
Commenting on the cost of borrowing, he said: “The astronomical jump in finance cost relative to a midsize increase in actual borrowings by these public companies in a 9-month period of 2023 could have been due to multiplicity of factors around inflation: depreciation of the Naira; re-pricing of loans and other assets by lenders; high input cost; reduction or non availability of suppliers’ credit; etc.
The result of this is more inflationary pressure, as the affected companies are pressured to re-price their earning assets to recover costs or reduce losses.”
On government rendering support to the manufacturing sector, he said: “The government may not be able to assist every sector, except for a few companies who have benefited from CBN intervention funds and single digit interest rate borrowing, most are exposed to more of bank borrowing which will be highly toxic to business operations if interest rates remain elevated.”
Reacting to the increase in borrowing, David Adonri, analyst and Executive Chairman at Highcap Securities Limited, said: ” The manufacturing industry was first battered by the rising inflation throughout year 2023 which escalated their costs. Due to decline in purchasing power of consumers their cost recovery efforts failed to preserve their working capital. Hence, their resort to higher bank credit to keep them alive. With higher credit, finance cost will escalate.
“The second reason behind the balloon of their finance cost is the collateral damage they suffered from floating of the Naira. Their hard currency liability exposures magnified in multiple folds when the Naira suffered heavy depreciation. As a result, they had to borrow more money locally, to meet outstanding obligations.
This year, the factors that pressured them into excessive borrowing may not be replicated. The economy is expected to readjust to a new price level where prices will be more stable. However, to repair their damaged balance sheets, manufacturers may need to refinance their huge debt through the capital market.”
On how government intervention can aid manufacturers, Adonri, said: “The administrative intervention of government in the credit market through CBN has not been very effective. It continues to distort the market mechanism that ought to efficiently allocate credit in the economy. The interventions have also not been appropriately directed to the foundational sectors of the economy.
Fiscal intervention can be by way of subsidy to manufacturers to enhance production while monetary policy should target low interest rate environment. If manufacturing inputs can be internalized through appropriate fiscal measures, then manufacturing cost can reduce to the point where finance cost will become negligible.”
Commenting on the borrowings by manufacturing companies, an investment expert and CEO, Wyoming Capital and Partners, Tajudeen Olayinka, said: “Companies can borrow to improve production capacity and reduce average cost. Where this is the case, such borrowing is considered positive, and could improve fortunes of shareholders of the company. Where such borrowing does not improve production efficiency, it can become negative to the value of the company and make shareholders worse off. This is what most companies try to consider before borrowing from short-term money market or long-term capital market.”
On the benefits of borrowing by manufacturing companies, he said: “Borrowing that improves operational efficiency would naturally benefit customers and other stakeholders. Borrowing must be done to improve shareholders wealth; and customers must have been given thoughtful consideration before embarking on such borrowing.”
However, he lamented that, “Short-term borrowing from banks could be more expensive at this time, especially if we consider the effect of rising inflation and interest rate hike by Monetary Policy Committee of CBN, which has compelled many banks to re-price loans and other financial instruments, leading to higher borrowing costs for firms and public companies. Borrowing from banks could be more problematic at this time.
Regardless of cost implications to public companies, short-term borrowings from banks might have been provided as bridging facilities for more flexible long-term capital already arranged by those companies, or as a way of obtaining working capital. It could also be a sign of weakness in annexing suppliers’ credit by some of those companies.”
On whether the government can aid manufacturers, Adeyinka said: “That could be another way of asking the government to provide financial subsidy, when they are already enmeshed in a fiscal crisis. I think the best way is to allow the market to function, so that assets are properly priced in the long-term interest of the economy.”
News
TUC proposes N2.5m threshold for personal income tax waiver
The Trade Union Congress of Nigeria has called for an increase in the tax exemption threshold from N800,000 to N2.5m per annum to ease economic challenges faced by low-income earners.
The union stressed that this measure would increase disposable income, stimulate economic activity, and provide much-needed relief to workers and their families.
The president of the union, Festus Osifo, made the call in a statement on Tuesday.
He said, “We still have two items that we strongly believe should be reviewed in the tax bills that will immensely benefit Nigerians.
“The threshold for tax exemptions should be increased from the current N800,000 per annum, as proposed in the bill, to N2,500,000 per annum. This will provide relief to struggling Nigerians within that income bracket, easing the excruciating economic challenges they face by increasing their disposable income.”
On the proposed transfer of royalty collection to the Nigeria Revenue Service, the TUC president warned of potential revenue losses and inefficiencies due to the lack of technical expertise in oil and gas operations within the NRS
He said, “The proposed bill assigning royalty collection to the Nigeria Revenue Service appears beneficial on the surface but would most likely result in significant revenue losses for the government. Royalty determination and reconciliation require specialised technical expertise in oil and gas operations, which NUPRC possesses but NRS lacks, potentially leading to inaccurate assessments and enforcement issues.
“Additionally, this shift would create regulatory burdens, increase compliance costs for industry players, and reduce investor confidence due to overlapping functions and inefficiencies between NUPRC and NRS.”
Osifo reiterated that allowing the VAT rate to remain at 7.5 percent was the best for the country.
“Allowing the Value Added Tax rate to remain at 7.5% is in the best interest of the nation, as increasing it would place an additional financial burden on Nigerians, many of whom are already struggling with economic challenges.
“At a time when inflation, unemployment, and the cost of living are rising, imposing higher taxes would further strain households and businesses, potentially slowing economic growth and reducing consumer purchasing power,” Osifo said.
Osifo noted that the union welcomed the inclusion of a derivation component in VAT distribution among the three tiers of government, describing it as a step toward reducing dependence on oil revenues and encouraging sub-national productivity.
He said, “On a general perspective, we welcome the inclusion of a derivation component in the Value Added Tax distribution amongst the three tiers of government. When passed into law and properly implemented, it will encourage productivity at the sub-national level, thereby moving us gradually from a total rent-seeking economy to a derivation-based system that will stimulate economic activities.”
The TUC president said the continued existence of the Tertiary Education Trust Fund and the National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure would bring about progress to the nation’s education as well as engender economic development in the country.
He said, “It is also good to note that both TETFUND and NASENI will remain a going concern, as these institutions have greatly impacted the country through their respective mandates. Both have respectively been instrumental in improving our tertiary education and the adoption of homegrown technologies to enhance national productivity and self-reliance. Their continued existence is vital for sustaining progress in education, technology, and economic development across the country.”
However, the union president urged the Federal Government to adopt equitable tax policies that prioritise the welfare of citizens.
He said, “ While we deeply appreciate the Federal Government’s efforts to listen and adjust to our advocacy, we still advocate that the above concerns be considered and adopted in the Tax Reform Bill, they will be highly beneficial to the Government and Nigerian populace.
“The Trade Union Congress of Nigeria has a shared responsibility to promote policies that improve the lives of Nigerians amongst whom are workers. We believe that proactive measures, when implemented, are for the maximum good of the citizens and are evidence of great and sincere leadership. As the conversations around the Tax Reform Bill continue, it is our expectation that the focus would be equitable economic growth and improved living conditions for all Nigerians.”
News
C’River Assembly proposes 50 appointees for LG chairmen
The Cross River State House of Assembly has commenced the process of amending the Local Government Law 2007.
The proposed amendment seeks to increase political appointments across the local government areas.
Sponsored by the lawmaker representing Abi State Constituency, Davies Etta,on Tuesday in Calabar, the bill proposed to raise the number of appointees in each LGA to 50, including 16 Special Adviser positions and the creation of a new cadre of officials known as Ward Relation Officers.
The bill proposes that “The Chairman of Council may appoint such number of Special Advisers to assist him in the discharge of his duties, provided that appointments, when added to other statutory appointments, shall not exceed a total number of 50.”
According to the provisions of the amended law, Ward Relation Officers will hold ranks equivalent to Special Advisers and will report directly to the LG chairman of the respective local government areas.
The lawmaker explained that initiative aims to enhance grassroots engagement and governance at the ward level.
The bill also seeks to elevate the office of the Head of Local Government Administration to the status of a Permanent Secretary in the state public service.
It proposed that“The office of the HOLGA shall be equivalent to the Office of a Permanent Secretary of the State Public Service and shall enjoy all rights and privileges of the Permanent Secretary, including pensions.”
Additionally, the amendment stipulated that appointments to the position of HOLGA must not be made from outside the local government service of the state.
The bill, which has already passed its first and second readings in the House, has been referred to the Joint Committee on Local Government Affairs, Judiciary, and Public Accounts for further deliberations and stakeholders’ inputs.
Speaking on the bill, the Speaker of the Cross River State House of Assembly, Elvert Ayambem, said it aimed to strengthen local government administration by fostering inclusivity and empowering grassroots leaders to contribute more effectively to governance.
“This amendment is about bridging the gap between local governments and the people by making governance more accessible and impactful,” he stated.
Meanwhile, the Assembly, on Tuesday, urged the Ministry of Environment and relevant animal control agencies to address the issue of unrestrained domestic animals within the Calabar metropolis.
The House emphasised the need for owners to take responsibility for restraining their animals to prevent them from roaming the streets.
This resolution followed a motion presented by Ovat Agbor, representing Obubra 1 State Constituency.
Agbor called for the sanitisation of the city, lamenting that stray animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle pose a nuisance by littering streets, destroying gardens, and defacing greenery intended to beautify the state.
Agbor also highlighted the dangers posed by stray animals, citing a recent incident where a stray dog attacked a schoolboy, inflicting severe injuries.
He stressed that it is the owners’ responsibility to care for and confine their animals.
Hillary Bisong, representing Boki 2 State Constituency, supported the motion, and described the trend as detrimental to the state’s tourism potential.
Other lawmakers echoed similar concerns and urged swift action to control the situation.
In his remarks, the Speaker described the motion as timely and reaffirmed the House’s commitment to maintaining Calabar’s status as Nigeria’s cleanest city.
News
Court denies El-Rufai’s ex-Chief of Staff Saidu bail
A Federal high court in Kaduna State has rejected a bail request from Bashir Saidu, who served as chief of staff and Finance Commissioner under former Governor Nasir El-Rufai.
Police arrested Saidu on January 2nd, 2025, moving him to the Kaduna correctional centre. He faces 10 charges of money laundering, embezzlement, and stealing public funds from the Kaduna State Government.
According to Channels TV report, when Saidu appeared before Justice Isa Aliyu on Tuesday, he denied all charges. The prosecution claims Saidu sold $45 million of state funds at N410 per dollar instead of the market rate of N498, causing the government to lose N3.9 billion. They say this happened in 2022 while he managed Kaduna’s finances under El-Rufai. Prosecutors argue Saidu laundered this N3.9 billion difference, breaking Section 18 of the Money Laundering Act 2022.
Saidu’s lawyer, M I Abubakar, pressed for bail, noting his client had spent 21 days in custody. But prosecutor Professor Nasiru Aliyu fought back, saying the law gives prosecutors seven days to answer bail requests.
Justice Aliyu agreed with the prosecution, granting them time to respond. The court will hear the bail application on January 23rd, 2025.
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