By Dr Gabriel Nwambu

**Abstract**

The launch of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida’s autobiography, “A Journey in Service,” on February 20, 2025, at the Transcorp Hilton in Abuja, marks a critical juncture in Nigeria’s political narrative.

While the book offers insights into Babangida’s life, his controversial past raises urgent questions about accountability, justice, and the prospects for Nigeria’s future.

As Nigeria seeks to grapple with its historical challenges, the call for Babangida to face consequences for his actions has never been more pertinent. This paper examines the need for accountability as crucial not only for justice but also for the integrity of Nigeria’s democratic foundation.

**Introduction**

Ibrahim Babangida’s persona as a leader encapsulates a troubling chapter in Nigeria’s history. Celebrated by some as a political strategist, his tenure as military head of state is also marked by egregious violations of civil rights and democratic principles. This analysis interrogates the implications of Babangida’s actions throughout his rule, particularly regarding deep-seated issues such as betrayal, the nullification of free elections, and the need for restorative justice in Nigeria.

**The Dark Legacy of Betrayal: The Execution of General Mamman Vasta**

A significant chapter in Babangida’s narrative is the betrayal of General Mamman Vasta, a man he once considered a closest friend. Their relationship, characterized by intimate gestures such as exchanging clothing, was shattered when Babangida accused Vasta of plotting a coup and ordered his execution. The pleas from respected figures in Nigerian society failed to dissuade Babangida from this decision, reflecting a chilling disregard for human life and friendship. The implications of this act extend beyond personal betrayal; they symbolize the treachery embedded within the political fabric of leadership in Nigeria, raising critical questions about loyalty and morality among those in power.

Babangida’s precarious ascent to leadership came through a coup d’état, overthrowing General Muhammadu Buhari, and establishing a regime characterized by manipulation and coercion. Despite ruling with an iron fist, he demanded respect as a democratically elected president, a title that contradicted the reality of his rise to power and governance. The duality of Babangida’s nature as both a strategist and a tyrant complicates the narrative, leading to a legacy fraught with contradictions and injustices.

**The Cynical Nullification of the 1993 Democratic Elections**

One of the most grievous acts of Babangida’s presidency was the denial of the results of the June 12, 1993, elections, widely regarded as the freest and fairest in Nigerian history, won by Chief Moshood Abiola. Nigeria had, for the first time, expressed its democratic will, and yet Babangida nullified the election, leading to a national crisis and significant unrest. The repercussions of this decision continue to resonate across generations, undermining trust in democratic processes and institutions. The tragic outcomes included the untimely deaths of pro-democracy activists, such as Kudirat Abiola, and an atmosphere of political hostility that set Nigeria on the brink of civil strife.

The key players and contributors to this crisis, including Babangida himself, are now deceased, including figures like Professor Humphrey Nwosu and General Sani Abacha. As Babangida now seeks to narrate his perspective from a wheelchair, the timing of the revelations seems more an exercise in self-justification rather than a sincere pursuit of truth and reconciliation.

**The Need for Accountability: A Call to Action**

As Civil Rights Organizations advocate, “A New Nigeria is Possible.” This ideal hinges upon confronting the past and demanding accountability.

Babangida’s actions warrant scrutiny not for the purpose of vengeance but as a vital component of a healing process that Nigerian society so desperately needs. It is essential that those who wielded power and exercised it with impunity face the full weight of the law. Only then can Nigeria embark on a path to genuine democracy, lifting the embers of a fractured past toward a cohesive future.

Moreover, the staggering sum of ₦17 billion raised during the launch of Babangida’s autobiography in a country struggling financially highlights a disconnection between wealth and accountability. This disparity poses a fundamental question about the values that the Nigerian elite perpetuate and the societal implications of such actions.

**Conclusion**

Babangida’s autobiography opens a window into a complex saga of Nigeria’s history, intertwining personal narrative with profound political consequences. However, it does not absolve the former leader from the weight of his legacy, marked by betrayal and the systematic dismantling of democracy. As Nigeria looks to reforge its identity and re-establish its governance structures, it stands as an imperative for the nation to confront its past injustices head-on. To pave the way for a better future, Ibrahim Babangida must face the law, not merely as a pursuit of justice but as a cornerstone of Nigeria’s commitment to democracy, accountability, and human rights for all. Until that day arrives, the specter of an unaddressed past will continue to haunt Nigeria’s political landscape.

Nwambu Gabriel, Ph.D.

By Kayode Sanni-Arewa

Gumsu Abacha, daughter of the late military head of state Sani Abacha, shared a cryptic message on 𝕏 (formerly Twitter), which appeared to respond to claims made by former military president Ibrahim Babangida about her father’s involvement in the annulment of the June 12, 1993, presidential election.

On Friday, Gumsu posted a single word: “Weakling.”
Her message came amid discussions surrounding Babangida’s autobiography, A Journey in Service, which was launched in Abuja on Thursday. In the book, Babangida addressed the controversial annulment of the June 12, 1993, presidential election, which was won by the late MKO Abiola of the Social Democratic Party (SDP).

Former military president, General Ibrahim Babangida (retd.), has denied allegations linking him to the death of veteran journalist Dele Giwa. Giwa, who was the Editor-in-Chief of ‘Newswatch’ and a known critic of Babangida’s military government, was assassinated by a parcel bomb in his Lagos home on October 19, 1986. Two days before the incident, a … Continue reading

The former military leader explained that he was in Katsina when the press secretary of his second-in-command announced the cancellation of the election without his consent. He claimed he was unaware of the decision at the time.

Babangida further stated that he later realized that those who opposed the election were led by Abacha, his then chief of defence staff, who later became head of state.

Some critics have accused Babangida of shifting the blame to Abacha while portraying himself in a better light. They believe he is trying to alter the historical narrative to absolve himself of responsibility.

Gumsu’s post, along with her reposting of similar views, suggests she sees Babangida’s claims as an attempt to rewrite history. With Abacha no longer alive to defend himself, she appears to believe he is being unfairly blamed.

The Federal Government has ended the Visa-on-Arrival policy, saying that Nigeria is not a destination for criminals

The Minister of Interior Dr Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo who made the announcement, said the policy was not effective.

He disclosed that government had noticed a pattern where people avoid travelling into the country directly by air, only to land at neighbouring countries and complete their journeys through land borders.

He described the scenario as unacceptable, saying the Federal Government would unveil a multi-faceted solution by March or April to take care of grey areas on entry into and exit out of the country.

Tunji-Ojo said in place of Visa-on-Arrival, landing and exit cards will be introduced and integrated into the solutions for travelers to complete before arriving in Nigeria.

The Visa-on-Arrival policy was introduced in 2020 as a short-stay visa issued at entry points, but the Minister said the policy failed to meet global standards and best practices as it was not done anywhere in the world.

Tunji-Ojo spoke at the headquarters of the Nigeria Immigration Service, (NIS) on Friday during the closing ceremony of the five-day training and capacity building programmes on Advanced Passenger Information-Passenger Name Record, API/PNR System for NIS officers.

The capacity building for 100 Officers was organised by the Nigeria Immigration Service under the leadership of the Comptroller-General of the Service, Mrs Kemi Nanna Nandap.

Tunji-Ojo said:” The Visa-on-Arrival issue is one of the core policy issues because I always tell people the visa is not just an approval of entry, it is a migration management device.

“It is a security device to manage migration into your country. So the way it is at the moment is very subjective. We are not really too objective and that is why we are automating the whole process end-to-end.

“And the e-visa solution, we are working hard to be able to meet the first of March or peradventure if we are unable, the first of April, we will hit it live.

“We will automate the system. People apply online and we will do what we need to do. That solution will be integrated with the Interpol system, the criminal records system, so that we can be able to take decisions.

“We do not want foreign attachés approving and issuing visas. It is not going to be that any more, we want to be able to screen people. This country cannot be a destination for wanted criminals in the world. Nigeria is not a safe haven for any criminal and it will never be.”

The Minister who said about 60 of the border solutions are being completed in Nigeria various borders, land maritime and air, insisted that the security of the country and her citizens remained sacrosanct under the present administration.

He said: ”Today, we have had, we have sorted the API across all of our five international airports and we are looking at working with you more on the issue of adapting some of these into our land borders because it is also very key.

“Because we realised the pattern, of recent, I think, over the last couple of weeks, that a lot of people would rather fly to neighbouring countries and come into Nigeria through the land borders to evade the API PNR system. So we have seen that pattern.”

Tunji-Ojo assured that when all the e-solutions are deployed it would be linked not only with all security agencies at home but also globally, and especially with interpol so that persons of interests can be arrested at anywhere.

Nandap commended President Bola Tinubu and the Minister for their commitment to the ongoing reforms in the NIS, saying that the reforms have changed the narratives for the better.