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What To Know About Typhoid Fever

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Muhammad,15, noticed a swelling in his stomach after he was wrongly diagnosed with appendix. After surgery, the symptoms still continued. He then went to the hospital and was diagnosed with typhoid intestinal perforations.

Dr Ikram Muhammad Lawal, a medical officer at Graceland Hospital, GRA Barnawa, Kaduna State, described typhoid fever as a severe illness characterised by fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea .

He said about 21 million people have typhoid fever around the world, adding that over the years, it has become increasingly resistant to antibiotics.

The doctor said typhoid fever is usually caused by a bacteria called salmonella typhi, and that it happens due to consumption of food and water contaminated by the faeces of a sick patient.

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He said typhoid fever is most prevalent in impoverished areas that are overcrowded with poor access to sanitation and clean water. He further said that typhoid fever is more common in children and young adults than in older and young children.

Dr Ikram added that typhoid fever symptoms vary between 5 and 21 days and that the person with typhoid fever would develop a high fever rising steadily during the first week with headache, chills, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, cough, joint pain and muscle pain.

He said malaria and typhoid share the same symptoms so most times people often mistake malaria for typhoid fever.

Diagnosis

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The medical expert said typhoid fever could be diagnosed with clinical presentations and laboratory tests such as widal, “which is not very useful because it can become positive after several days of the disease which makes it unreliable.”

He added that tests are carried out on stool and urine which is usually positive during the incubation period.

“We also carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test which gives results within a few hours and is more specific and sensitive to blood culture, but diagnosis is mainly based on clinical symptoms and the history of possible exposure,” he said.

Complication

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Dr Ikram said if typhoid fever is left untreated, it may progress to intestinal perforation which usually occurs in the distal ileum with marked abdominal pain and tenderness, tleadshat to leaking of gastric juice within the abdomen.

He said intestinal perforation occurs during the early stage of typhoid fever, through contaminated food or water whereby the bacteria travels into your intestine and then into the blood which leads to perforation.

He added that bleeding is the second most common complication.

“If untreated, this happens as a result of perforation that will later lead to loss of blood and sepsis which leads to shock and causes death,” he said.

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Prevention

Dr Ikram said typhoid fever can be prevented by proper hand-washing, improved personal hygiene, and sanitary habits, adding that they are very important preventive measures.

He added that provision of clean water and adequate sewage disposal were also important

“Immunisation is also done as a preventive measure for typhoid fever,” he added.

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Treatment

Dr ikram said the best way to treat typhoid fever is to see your healthcare provider first. However, he added that since the disease is caused by bacteria, it can be treated with different choices of antibiotics which should be done according to the culture report and antibiotic sensitivity.

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Health

Nigerian man becomes fourth person worldwide to get cured of HIV

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By Francesca Hangeior.

A Nigerian man, Salisu Ahmed, has opened up on how he lived with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus for 31 years.

In a recent interview with reality star, Doyin David, Ahmed disclosed that he contracted the virus after his first extramarital affair.

The 66-year-old shared the challenges he faced, including the stigma of being denied access to shared facilities, losing his teaching job, and being abandoned by his wife and children.

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“I am Salisu Ahmed, I have been living with this virus for 31 years. The first experiment of going outside my matrimonial home is how it happened. It has been proven that about 85 to 90 per cent of people living with HIV contracted this thing through sexual intercourse.

“I was denied the use of the bathroom of the compound, I was not allowed to access the toilet, I was formerly a teacher so I was asked honourably to stop coming to the school.

“She packed everything including the children at home, they left me,” he stated.

He was cured of HIV following a stem cell transplant.
According to a statement from the City of Hope Medical Center in the US, where the procedure was performed, the man entered remission after discontinuing antiretroviral therapy.

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The centre noted that the patient became the fourth person in the world, and the oldest, to achieve long-term remission from HIV after receiving stem cells from a donor with a rare genetic mutation.

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Health

READ about indicators that you maybe having liver related problems

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The liver is an organ that sits just under the rib cage on the right side of the abdomen.

It can weigh up to 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms).

The liver is needed to help digest food, rid the body of waste products and make substances, called clotting factors, that keep the blood flowing well, among other tasks.

If there are symptoms of liver disease, they may include:

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*Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, called jaundice. …

*Belly pain and swelling.

*Swelling in the legs and ankles.

*Itchy skin.

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*Dark urine.

*Pale stool.

*Constant tiredness.

*Nausea or vomiting.

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If you’re experiencing these symptoms please see your doctor.

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Health

Benue records 20 suspected cases of Mpox, four confirmed

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Benue state government said it has recorded 20 suspected cases of Mpox with four of the cases confirmed.

The State Epidemiologist, Dr Asema Msuega, who disclosed this to newsmen on Thursday in Makurdi, said three of the cases have been treated and discharged while the fourth case was just confirmed last week Friday, September 6, 2024.

He said “For this year up-to-date, we have 20 suspected cases of Mpox and four confirmed cases in Benue State.

“Initially, we have three confirmed cases that were treated and discharged from isolation center, the fourth case was just confirmed last week Friday from the reference laboratory.”

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According to him, the fourth patient who is still in isolation is receiving treatment and responding well.

He said the confirmed cases are from two local government areas of the state including Makurdi and Gwer West adding “But for the suspected cases, they cut across five local government areas of the state; Ushongo, Kastina-Ala, Gboko, Makurdi and Gwer West.

“The most recent is from Gwer East which sample we have sent to the laboratory and awaiting result before the end of this week.”

Msuega who stated that many of the suspected cases have also come out of isolation, explained that “it’s not every case that we take to hospital for isolation, we advised some to self isolate at home just like we were doing during the outbreak of COVID-19.”

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He said the patients are being treated at the isolation center of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH) the government is carrying out massive awareness campaigns to educate people about the disease and to imbibe basic prevention and control measures including washing of hands, avoiding unnecessary contacts with people, especially suspected person.

While harping on early detection and reporting, Msuega urged the Benue public to report suspected cases to appropriate authorities especially the nearest health centres, be it primary, secondary or tertiary health centres.

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