Chancellor Olaf Scholz lost a confidence vote in the German parliament on Monday, putting the European Union’s most populous member and biggest economy on course to hold an early election in February.

Scholz won the support of 207 lawmakers in the 733-seat lower house, or Bundestag, while 394 voted against him and 116 abstained. That left him far short of the majority of 367 needed to win.

Scholz leads a minority government after his unpopular and notoriously rancorous three-party coalition collapsed on Nov. 6 when he fired his finance minister in a dispute over how to revitalize Germany’s stagnant economy. Leaders of several major parties then agreed that a parliamentary election should be held on Feb. 23, seven months earlier than originally planned.

The confidence vote was needed because post-World War II Germany’s constitution doesn’t allow the Bundestag to dissolve itself. Now President Frank-Walter Steinmeier has to decide whether to dissolve parliament and call an election.

Steinmeier has 21 days to make that decision — and, because of the planned timing of the election, is expected to do so after Christmas. Once parliament is dissolved, the election must be held within 60 days.

In practice, the campaign is already well underway, and Monday’s three-hour debate reflected that.

What did the contenders say?

Scholz, a center-left Social Democrat, told lawmakers that the election will determine whether “we, as a strong country, dare to invest strongly in our future; do we have confidence in ourselves and our country, or do we put our future on the line? Do we risk our cohesion and our prosperity by delaying long-overdue investments?”

Scholz’s pitch to voters includes pledges to “modernize” Germany’s strict self-imposed rules on running up debt, to increase the national minimum wage and to reduce value-added tax on food.

Center-right challenger Friedrich Merz responded that “you’re leaving the country in one of its biggest economic crises in postwar history.”

“You’re standing here and saying, business as usual, let’s run up debt at the expense of the younger generation, let’s spend money and … the word ‘competitiveness’ of the German economy didn’t come up once in the speech you gave today,” Merz said.

The chancellor said Germany is Ukraine’s biggest military supplier in Europe and he wants to keep that up, but underlined his insistence that he won’t supply long-range Taurus cruise missiles, over concerns of escalating the war with Russia, or send German troops into the conflict. “We will do nothing that jeopardizes our own security,” he said.

Merz, who has been open to sending the long-range missiles, said that “we don’t need any lectures on war and peace” from Scholz’s party. He said, however, that the political rivals in Berlin are united in an “absolute will to do everything so that this war in Ukraine ends as quickly as possible.”

What are their chances?

Polls show Scholz’s party trailing well behind Merz’s main opposition Union bloc, which is in the lead. Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck of the environmentalist Greens, the remaining partner in Scholz’s government, is also bidding for the top job — though his party is further back.

The far-right Alternative for Germany, which is polling strongly, has nominated Alice Weidel as its candidate for chancellor but has no chance of taking the job because other parties refuse to work with it.

Germany’s electoral system traditionally produces coalitions, and polls show no party anywhere near an absolute majority on its own. The election is expected to be followed by weeks of negotiations to form a new government.

Confidence votes are rare in Germany, a country of 83 million people that prizes stability. This was only the sixth time in its postwar history that a chancellor had called one.

The last was in 2005, when then-Chancellor Gerhard Schröder engineered an early election that was narrowly won by center-right challenger Angela Merkel.

At least 32 miners are trapped underground after a coal mine collapsed in northern Afghanistan, provincial officials confirmed on Sunday.

Rescuers have been working tirelessly since the collapse, which occurred late Saturday in the Dara-i-Sof Payin district of Samangan province.

Samangan Governor’s spokesperson, Esmat Muradi, told newsmen that it remains unclear how many of the trapped miners are still alive.

“Excavators and rescuers have been working since early morning but unfortunately, the opening to the mine has not yet been cleared,” Muradi said.

Afghanistan’s mining industry operates with little oversight, making such deadly accidents alarmingly common.

Workers often extract coal, marble, minerals, gold, and gemstones in rudimentary pits without adequate safety equipment.

In February 2022, ten miners died in a similar coal mine collapse in Baghlan province. Other recent tragedies include a gas explosion that killed seven workers in Samangan in June 2020 and the collapse of a gold mine in Badakhshan in 2019, which left at least 30 dead.

AFP

UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy has said the British government has had “diplomatic contact” with the Syrian rebel group that toppled the Assad regime.

Lammy said Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) remains a proscribed terrorist organisation, but the UK “can have diplomatic contact and so we do have diplomatic contact, as you would expect”.

His US counterpart Antony Blinken said on Saturday that the US had made “direct contact” with the HTS rebels now in control of Syria.

Lammy’s remarks come as the government announced a £50m humanitarian aid package for vulnerable Syrians, including refugees in the region.

Speaking on Sunday, Lammy said: “We want to see a representative government, an inclusive government. We want to see chemical weapons stockpiles secured, and not used, and we want to ensure that there is not continuing violence.

“For all of those reasons, using all the channels that we have available, and those are diplomatic and of course intelligence-led channels, we seek to deal with HTS where we have to.”

The diplomatic contact with HTS does not mean the foreign secretary has personally been in touch with the rebel group.

Whitehall sources say the contact referred to is permitted under the terms of existing terrorism legislation, under which, for example, NGOs would be able to have contact in order to provide humanitarian assistance.

Such contact does not mean that the UK’s listing of HTS as a terrorist group is being lifted. But it does indicate that the UK government has embarked on a process of judging HTS on the basis of its actions.

Both the UK and the US have a vested interest in what happens next in Syria. Blinken told reporters on Saturday that the US interaction with HTS was in particular over the fate of the missing American journalist, Austin Tice.

The US State Department said Blinken and Lammy spoke on Sunday, as the secretary of state told the foreign secretary Washington will back “an accountable and representative” government in Syria, “chosen by the Syrian people”.

Asked whether HTS could be removed from the UK’s list of proscribed terror groups, Lammy said the rebel group remains a proscribed organisation that came out of al-Qaeda.

“Al-Qaeda is responsible for a tremendous loss of life on British soil,” Lammy said, adding: “We will judge them [HTS] on their actions, I won’t comment on future proscription but of course we recognise that this is an important moment for Syria.”

Earlier this week, Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer said no decision had been made yet on HTS’s proscription status.

On the cash pledge to the Middle Eastern country, Lammy said it followed talks on Saturday in Aqaba.

Hosted by Jordan, delegates from several countries agreed on the importance of a “non-sectarian and representative government”, protecting human rights, unfettered access for humanitarian aid, the safe destruction of chemical weapons and combatting terrorism.

The talks were attended by the UK, US, France, Germany, the Arab Contact Group, Bahrain, Qatar, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the EU and UN.

HTS was not present at the meeting in Jordan.

However, everybody in Aqaba felt it was important to engage with HTS, and that engagement should be on the basis of humanitarian access and the principles outlined above.

The UK said £30m will be channelled within Syria for food, shelter and emergency healthcare, while £10m will go to the World Food Programme (WFP) in Lebanon and £10m to WFP and the UN’s refugee agency, UNHCR, in Jordan.

As well as the £50m in aid for Syrians in the region, the UK government said £120,000 of UK funding will be given to support the Organisation of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) “to rid Syria of chemical weapons” and support the interim Syrian government.

The UK closed its embassy in Damascus in 2013, two years after the Arab Spring protests began to be brutally suppressed there by the Assad regime.

Between 2011 and 2021, more than 30,000 Syrians were granted asylum in the UK, but on Monday the Home Office said it was no longer possible to assess outstanding cases given the change in circumstances.

Last week, the HTS rebel group toppled Assad’s rule alongside allied rebel factions.

The Home Office later paused its decisions on Syrian asylum claims to the UK as the government has not determined whether Syria, under the new rebel-led authorities, is a safe country which people could be sent to.

The Assad family ruled Syria for more than 50 years. In 2011, Bashar al-Assad crushed a peaceful, pro-democracy uprising, sparking a civil war in which more than half a million people were killed and 12 million others forced to flee their homes.

More reports are now emerging of the cruelty of Assad’s regime and the suffering it inflicted on the lives of so many Syrians.

However, given the Islamist militant group’s previous affiliations with al-Qaeda, religious minorities in Syria and neighbouring countries worry about their future under HTS’s rule.