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Discover the regions on Earth where snakes are not found

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Snakes are the most versatile species, with over 3,000 species, and are found on almost all continents and almost in all kinds of environments from deserts to rainforests. They can thrive in most climates and various habitats. According to the reports, there are many parts of Earth that exhibit a remarkable absence of snakes, and this can be attributed to various factors such as geographic isolation, extreme climatic conditions, or adverse environmental conditions that make survival hard for them. The regions themselves are an exception to the rule since the conditions here cannot favor the existence of snakes.

Some such areas include Antarctica, New Zealand, Ireland, and most of the Pacific islands. In many of these regions, strong laws and the natural barriers in place have resulted in snakes never establishing themselves to begin with; thus, one finds unique ecosystems in danger of introduction of non-native species otherwise. Explore more about the places where snakes are not found.

Snake-free places on the Earth
Antarctica

Antarctica is the only continent that is snake-free on Earth as per reports. This is because the continent has an extremely cold climate. Thus, Antarctica is inadmissible for the snaky reptiles that are cold-blooded. Snakes are ectothermic, meaning that they regulate their body temperature through external sources of heat. Snakes could not survive in Antarctica since the environment has ice and snow, and the extreme coldness is such that reptiles would not be able to find warmth for them to work.

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Antarctica does have other wildlife including seals, penguins, and marine mammals. However, this list does not include reptiles, which snakes belong to.

New Zealand

New Zealand is one of the very few countries in the world that is entirely snake-free, which is because it is relatively isolated in the South Pacific. Geographically, New Zealand is separated by huge oceans, and isolation did not allow snakes to naturally migrate to the island nation. Although sea snakes, including the Yellow Lipped Sea Krait and Yellow-Bellied Sea Snake, can occasionally be seen in the waters around New Zealand, they do not live on land.

New Zealand has very strict laws regarding the importation and keeping of snakes within the country, whether as pets or in zoos. This is to preserve the unique ecosystem of the country and to avoid any ecological imbalance that might be caused by the introduction of non-native species.

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Ireland

Ireland is also one country that has no snakes, and fossil records show that snakes never colonized the island. Snakes are absent in Ireland because of its chilling climate and historical geographical separation from the main lands on the continent according to the reports. Snakes in their nature need warmer climates to conserve their body temperatures because Ireland has a temperate climate that is not healthy for snakes to survive. Snakes are not native to Ireland; however, some species exist in zoos or kept as pets but don’t occur naturally.

It is so interesting and mythical that snakes have never been found in Ireland, where popular legends or stories explain that might have been due to a historical event or because of Saint Patrick’s influence.

Greenland

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Greenland is an Arctic country with no native snakes. Because it’s not favorable due to its unfriendly climate, long winters, and little sunshine that the snake species don’t find friendly because snakes are cold-blooded animals surviving well in warm conditions. Even though there is no snake species known to be originally found in the country of Greenland, people are permitted to keep domesticated snakes under local authority permissions.

This has resulted in stringent laws on importing and even owning the exotic pets to conserve the sensitive ecosystem of the Arctic and not have the alien species disturb the fragility of the ecosystem in that area.

Iceland

Snakes can’t be found in Iceland because the weather is extremely unforgiving and biting. Geothermal activities coupled with volcanic soil make most of the reptiles inapplicable to the environment of the island. However, there are some that call the sand snakes of Iceland. Actually, these are not snakes but mere wind formations on sand. Snakes could not survive the cold environment of Iceland, and no record of snakes exists in this island, neither as a native species nor an established population.

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Alaska

Alaska, being very much north, lacks native snake populations. The winters are long, and the light is scarce here, making the survival of the cold-blooded animals like snakes extremely difficult. There have been instances of nonnative snakes, but they are a result of escapes from pets in some cases; they are never established populations. Snakes cannot be seen throughout the year in this harsh environment, and the only reptile species in Alaska is the sea turtle, which lives in warmer ocean waters. There are no snakes in Alaska because the state has a cold climate and there is no place there where snakes might live.

Hawaii

The other snake-less place is Hawaii. Hawaii is a group of islands located in the central Pacific. Snakes cannot access these islands through geographical isolation. The surrounding ocean barriers contribute majorly to how snakes do not reach these islands. Although some sea snakes occasionally appear offshore of Hawaii; they are non-land reptiles. Hawaii has also established very strict laws banning the importation and possession of snakes as it strives to protect its delicate ecosystem and ensure no non-native species is introduced into the system to cause a mismatch of the native wildlife.

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Cook Islands

According to the reports, no snakes are found in Cook Islands, South Pacific. Isolation is one aspect that has seen many of the islands in the Pacific have no snakes. The flora and fauna diversity present on the islands vary from those of areas that comprise snakes. In the Cook Islands, the uniqueness of the place from the ecologic perspective emanates from their snakeless characteristic.

Cape Verde

Cape Verde is an island country off the west coast of Africa. It has no native species of snakes in its islands and is one of the few regions without snakes. Apart from having no snakes, Cape Verde has few venomous animals, making it a relatively safe destination for travelers. It has become a favorite tourist destination for people who want to have a snake-free holiday because of its lack of snakes and other dangerous wildlife.

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Pacific Islands

Apart from the Cook Islands and Cape Verde, there are many other Pacific Islands, including Tuvalu, Nauru, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands, which are snake-free. This is because the islands have isolated ecosystems that have never been colonized by snakes. Though some of the islands have sea snakes in their surrounding waters, they do not have any native land snakes on them. Geographically, the regions are cut off, so snakes cannot naturally migrate there.

Snake-free regions on Earth highlight the fascinating interplay between geography, climate, and ecological balance. From Antarctica’s icy terrain to the isolated Pacific islands, these places remain untouched by snakes, offering unique ecosystems and insights into the adaptability of wildlife. Whether due to natural barriers or stringent conservation laws, these areas provide a safe haven from snakes, making them intriguing destinations for those seeking a reptile-free environment.

Credit: timesofindia.indiatimes.com

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NCC Orders Telcos To Disconnect Banks, FCMB, Fidelity , Others Over USSD Debt

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Due to a backlog of unpaid debts, the Nigerian Communications Commission has authorised telecommunications companies to disconnect the Unstructured Supplementary Service Data codes assigned to nine financial institutions.

The directive signed by NCC’s Director of Public Affairs, Reuben Muoka on Tuesday and obtained by Channels Television, noted that the affected banks are to pay the outstanding debts by January 27, 2025, or risk losing access to their USSD codes.

The regulator did not, however, state the amount of the debt owed by the nine banks.

According to the NCC public notice, nine out of 18 financial institutions had not complied with regulatory directives.

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It said while other banks have cleared their debts, the total amount initially owed by the financial institutions was reported to exceed N200 billion.

According to the NCC, some of the unpaid invoices have remained unpaid since 2020.

Part of the notice read, “By the information made available to the commission as at close of business on Tuesday, 14th January 2025, of a total of 18 financial institutions, the nine institutions listed below have failed to comply significantly with the directives in the Second Joint Circular of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the commission dated December 20, 2024, for the settlement of outstanding invoices due to MNOS, some since 2020.”

The affected financial institutions include Fidelity Bank Plc, First City Monument Bank, Jaiz Bank Plc, Polaris Bank Limited, Sterling Bank Limited, United Bank for Africa Plc, Unity Bank Plc, Wema Bank Plc, and Zenith Bank Plc.

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The affected USSD codes include 770, 919, and 822, among others, could be reassigned to other applicants if the debts remain unresolved.

The regulator noted that banks’ failure to comply with the CBN-NCC joint circular also means that they are unable to meet the good standing requirements for the renewal of the USSD codes assigned to them by the commission.

It added, “In fulfilment of its consumer protection mandate, the commission wishes to inform consumers that they may be unable to access the USSD platform of the affected financial institutions from January 27, 2025.”

The NCC emphasised that the financial institutions had been duly notified of the need for immediate compliance and warned that consumers may face service disruptions if the issues remain unresolved.

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Meanwhile, data from the CBN revealed that 252.06 million transactions worth N2.19 trillion were conducted via USSD between January and June 2024.

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Mozambique inaugurates new president , Wednesday

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Mozambique President-elect Daniel Chapo will be sworn into office Wednesday after weeks of deadly political unrest but the main opposition leader has vowed to “paralyse” the country with fresh protests against the fiercely disputed election result.

Venancio Mondlane had already called for a national strike in the days leading up to the inauguration and threatened on Tuesday to curtail the new government with daily demonstrations.

Mondlane, 50, who is popular with the youth, maintains the October 9 polls were rigged in favour of Chapo’s Frelimo party, which has governed the gas-rich African country since independence from Portugal in 1975.

“This regime does not want peace,” Mondlane said in an address on Facebook Tuesday, adding his communications team was met with bullets on the streets this week.

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“We’ll protest every single day. If it means paralysing the country for the entire term, we will paralyse it for the entire term.”

Chapo, 48, called for stability on Monday, telling journalists at the national assembly “we can continue to work and together, united… to develop our country”.

International observers have said the election was marred by irregularities, while the EU mission condemned what it called the “unjustified alteration of election results”.

The swearing in ceremony was expected to be snubbed by foreign heads of state, a move “which sends a strong message”, Maputo-based political and security risk analyst Johann Smith told AFP.

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Former colonial ruler Portugal is sending Foreign Minister Paulo Rangel.

“Even from a regional point of view there is a hesitancy to acknowledge or recognise that Chapo won the election,” Smith said, pointing out that neighbouring South Africa’s president would also not be attending.

The extent of the unrest from now on “depends on how Chapo will tackle the crisis”, analyst Borges Nhamirre told AFP.

The inauguration of parliamentary lawmakers Monday was held amid relative calm in the capital, Maputo.

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The streets were deserted, with most shops closed either in protest against the ceremony or out of fear of violence, while military police surrounded the parliament building and police blocked main roads.

Still, at least six people were killed in the Inhambane and Zambezia regions north of the capital, according to local civil society group Plataforma Decide.

– Possible concessions –

Unrest since the election has claimed 300 lives, according to the group’s tally, with security forces accused of using excessive force against demonstrators. Police officers have also died, according to the authorities.

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Chapo, who is expected to announce his new government this week, could make concessions by appointing opposition members to ministerial posts to quell the unrest, said Eric Morier-Genoud, an African history professor at Queen’s University Belfast.

There have also been calls for dialogue but Mondlane has been excluded from talks that Chapo and outgoing President Filipe Nyusi have opened with the leaders of the main political parties.

Chapo has repeatedly said however that he would include Mondlane in talks.

Mondlane, who returned to Mozambique last week after going into hiding abroad following the October 19 assassination of his lawyer, has said he was ready for talks.

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“I’m here in the flesh to say that if you want to negotiate… I’m here,” he said.

According to official results, Chapo won 65 percent of the presidential vote, compared to 24 percent for Mondlane.

But the opposition leader claims that he won 53 percent and that Mozambique’s election institutions manipulated the results.

Frelimo parliamentarians also dominate the 250-seat national assembly with 171 seats compared to the Podemos party’s 43.

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Oil depots increase petrol price to N950/litre

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The loading cost of Premium Motor Spirit (petrol) and other refined petroleum products at the depots increased on Monday.

It was gathered that marketers raised petrol and diesel prices at depots by N43 or 4.74 per cent due to the rising crude oil prices.

Recall that the cost of Brent, the global benchmark for crude, reached $79.76 per barrel on Sunday.

This current situation indicates that filling stations nationwide may adjust their pump prices to reflect the higher costs of refined products.

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Data obtained while analysing petrol price movements at loading depots on Monday showed that Swift depot increased its loading price to N950 per litre from N907 last Friday.

Wosbab Depot increased its price to N950 from N909, while Sahara Depot made a similar change to N950 from the N910 it sold a litre of petrol last Friday.

Also, a private depot, Shellplux, increased its loading costs to N960 from N908. Chipet Depot asked retailers to pay N960 per litre to receive products. It sold at N908 per litre last week Friday.

Nipco Depot increased its price by N38 from N912 to N950 while the Matrix Warri Depot increased its cost from N925 per litre to N945.

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It was also gathered that marketers who picked products from the Dangote refinery and resell to other retailers increased their costs to N923 per litre despite picking products from the refinery at N899 per litre.

For diesel, some loading depot prices including Stockgap depot increased its price from N1,080 to N1,150. Ibeto Depot approved an increase from N1,050 to N1,150 per litre. Sahara Depot sold its product at N1,150 from N1,045 last week.

Nipco Depot increased its price to N1,150 from N1,120 while Optima Depot approved a N72 increase to N1,120 per litre from N1,048.

The average increase in depot prices for PMS stands at approximately 7-10 per cent while AGO prices have surged by 5-10 per cent, depending on the depot and location.

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Reacting in an earlier interview, an oil and gas expert, Olatide Jeremiah, said depots are poised to increase the loading price of refined petroleum products.

Jeremiah, who is the Chief Executive Officer of petroleumprice.ng, said, “It implies that there is a possibility of increased fuel prices, particularly diesel prices.

“As of Friday, when Brent crude neared $80, prices selectively increased in some depots in Lagos, and on Monday, prices might be jacked up by importers because a large chunk of oil marketers import petroleum products and Brent crude is a major determining factor in the refining process.”

Another marketer, Bayo Adelaja said, “Depot rates have escalated sharply, and this is directly affecting pump prices. Consumers should expect further fluctuations in the coming weeks,” he noted.

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With depot rates showing no signs of stabilising, the coming weeks may bring further adjustments, emphasising the need for long-term strategies to mitigate the impact on consumers and the economy.

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