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The dollar-to-naira exchange rate opened the new week with the naira trading at about ₦1,321.68 per US dollar at the official rate, while the parallel market rate stood at ₦1,390 per dollar for buying and ₦1,400 for selling, according to available market data.

The latest available NFEM figure for September 7 puts the official exchange rate at ₦1,321.68 to the dollar. However, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s published NFEM table shows September 4 as the latest dated trading entry, with a rate of ₦1,321.2160 per dollar. The September 7 figure should therefore be treated as the latest available indicative rate rather than a confirmed CBN trading close.

At the parallel market, Aboki Forex reported a buying rate of ₦1,390 and a selling rate of ₦1,400 per dollar. This means a person selling $1 could receive about ₦1,390, while buying $1 could cost approximately ₦1,400. Actual rates may vary by dealer, location and transaction size.

The difference between the indicative official rate and the parallel-market selling rate is about ₦78.32 per dollar. For $100, the indicative official equivalent is approximately ₦132,168, while buying $100 at the parallel-market selling rate would cost about ₦140,000.

The naira’s performance remains closely watched by importers, businesses, travellers and Nigerians receiving or sending foreign currency. However, the parallel market is separate from the regulated official market, and the two rates should not be treated as interchangeable.

Rates can change during the day, so anyone exchanging currency should confirm the current quote with a bank, licensed Bureau de Change or trusted dealer before completing a transaction.

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The Office of the Auditor-General for the Federation (OAuGF) has raised concerns over ₦33.75 billion transferred to more than 3.29 million households under the Federal Government’s social intervention programme, saying auditors could not obtain sufficient records to verify that the payments reached genuine beneficiaries.

According to Punch, the finding was contained in the Auditor-General for the Federation’s 2024 Annual Report on Non-Compliance/Internal Control Weaknesses in Ministries, Departments and Agencies of the Federal Government.

The audit, which examined transactions carried out by the National Cash Transfer Office in Abuja during the 2023 financial year, raised eight separate queries involving billions of naira and highlighted deficiencies in the agency’s financial controls.

According to the report, ₦33.751 billion was electronically transferred to 3,295,207 households and beneficiaries selected from the National Social Register and enrolled on the National Beneficiary Register across 35 states.

Auditors, however, said the documentation presented for examination was insufficient to establish the identities of those who actually received the money.

The report said payment vouchers accompanying the ₦33.75 billion transactions lacked complete beneficiary information.

More importantly, auditors said they were unable to examine the Remita statement needed to compare recipients of the transfers with names contained in the government’s beneficiary registers.

The report stated, “The paid vouchers for the payments above did not contain the full details of the beneficiaries.

“REMITA statement showing record of the beneficiaries paid as against those listed on the NSR and NBR was not presented for audit. This hindered the authentication of the payments and made it difficult to ascertain whether the beneficiaries who received the funds were genuine.

“All efforts to obtain access to the REMITA statement were obstructed and denied by NTCO accounts staff, thereby frustrating the audit process.”

Consequently, the audit flagged the possibility of payments being made to fictitious or otherwise ineligible beneficiaries, as well as the potential loss of government funds.

The Auditor-General recommended that the National Programme Manager appear before the relevant Public Accounts Committees of the National Assembly to account for the expenditure and produce evidence showing that the intended beneficiaries received the funds.

Where satisfactory evidence cannot be provided, the report recommended recovery of the affected amount and its remittance to the Treasury.

It added that the management of the NTCO did not respond to the audit query.

A separate finding questioned ₦36.744 billion paid through 215 vouchers in December 2023 without undergoing the required prepayment audit.

The transactions, which the report identified as SS, IDA and output-based payments, were processed before being examined by the Internal Audit Unit.

“None of the paid vouchers were pre-audited or checked by the Internal Audit as required by extant regulations,” the report stated.

Instead, internal auditors reviewed the transactions after the payments had already been completed.

The Auditor-General said the procedure exposed public funds to possible misapplication or diversion and recommended that officials account for the ₦36.74 billion before the National Assembly.

Auditors also queried 101 transactions worth ₦4.616 billion after the NTCO failed to provide the corresponding paid vouchers for examination.

The payments were made from the agency’s S&S/IDA Cash Book for various expenditures. Without the vouchers, auditors said they could not adequately scrutinise the spending, prompting another recommendation that the money be accounted for or recovered and returned to the Treasury.

Another issue involved funds released to states for the enrolment of beneficiaries without bank accounts. The report said 32 payments totalling about ₦3.09 billion were made for the exercise.

While documents relating to ₦2.74 billion disbursed to 34 states were presented, auditors said they could not account for the remaining ₦350.18 million.

Even for some of the expenditure presented for inspection, the audit found that the supporting vouchers did not sufficiently explain how the money was spent.

Documents such as beneficiary lists, attendance registers, photographs, enrolment reports and acknowledgements from recipients were also missing.

The Auditor-General recommended recovery of the ₦350.18 million if officials could not satisfactorily account for it.

The report also scrutinised ₦393.71 million reportedly returned by nine State Cash Transfer Units after planned enrolment exercises could not be conducted.

According to the NTCO, insecurity, disasters and other circumstances prevented the affected states from carrying out the exercises, leading to the unused funds being returned to the Treasury in 2023.

Auditors, however, said evidence confirming that the money reached the Consolidated Revenue Fund was not produced.

“No documents were presented by NCTO to confirm that the amount refunded… was credited into the CRF,” the report stated.

It said Remita inflow statements and relevant payment slips that could establish the refund were unavailable. The auditors also found no evidence showing that the affected enrolment exercises were subsequently conducted.

The Auditor-General raised another query over ₦280.42 million paid as mobilisation fees to Payment Service Providers contracted to operate platforms for transferring funds to beneficiaries.

The sum represented a 30 per cent advance payment, but auditors said it was released without an Advance Payment Guarantee.

Questions were also raised about the procurement process used to engage the companies.

According to the report, their files contained no records of pre-qualification, bidding or technical and financial evaluation to demonstrate compliance with procurement requirements.

The audit warned of the risk of paying for unexecuted jobs and recommended recovery of the N280.42m.

Auditors also discovered that goods worth ₦89.51 million purchased by the NTCO were not recorded in its store ledger.

The relevant payment vouchers lacked Store Receipt Vouchers and Store Issue Vouchers needed to track the movement of the items.

More significantly, the audit found that the agency’s store ledger had not been updated since 2020.

The final issue concerned ₦17.42 million spent on diesel through cash advances issued to members of staff.

Auditors faulted the arrangement, saying purchases exceeding the ₦200,000 procurement threshold should have gone through the appropriate contract process.

The report said the items purchased could not be physically sighted or traced to the stores.

It also estimated that the procurement approach denied the Federal Government about ₦2.18 million in Value Added Tax and Withholding Tax.

Across all eight findings, the Auditor-General said the management of the National Cash Transfer Office did not respond to the audit queries.

The report consequently called for explanations, supporting documentation and, where officials fail to satisfactorily account for the affected expenditure, recovery of the funds to the Federal Government’s Treasury.

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Dangote Petroleum Refinery is set to enter Nigeria’s public equity market in a landmark ₦2.15 trillion initial public offering (IPO), giving investors direct exposure to the country’s biggest refining investment as it moves to raise fresh capital for expansion.

With the shares priced at ₦525 each and an implied valuation of about $47 billion, the offer ranks among the most closely watched capital-market transactions in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved the IPO on September 4, 2026, paving the way for the offer to open on September 14 and for the refinery to secure a primary listing on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX).

Below are the key facts investors need to know:

Is Dangote Refinery Already Listed On The Stock Exchange?

No, not yet.

As of September 4, 2026, Dangote Petroleum Refinery shares are not yet freely trading on the Nigerian Exchange like shares of Dangote Cement or Dangote Sugar Refinery.

For example, Dangote Sugar Refinery Plc, which trades under the ticker DANGSUGAR, is a completely separate listed company involved in sugar production and refining.

Buying DANGSUGAR shares does not mean an investor owns shares directly in the Dangote Petroleum Refinery. The NGX identifies DANGSUGAR as a consumer-goods company that refines raw sugar into edible sugar.

Investors interested specifically in the petroleum refinery therefore need to wait for the refinery’s own public offering and listing.

When Will Dangote Refinery Shares Be Available?

Aliko Dangote said on September 3 that the refinery’s IPO would open within 10 to 12 days.

Reuters subsequently reported that the order book is expected to open on September 14, 2026, citing people with direct knowledge of the transaction.

This would allow investors to submit applications for shares before the stock eventually begins normal secondary-market trading on the Nigerian Exchange.

However, investors should pay close attention to the final SEC-approved offer documents for the exact opening date, closing date, minimum subscription and allotment arrangements.

How Much Will One Dangote Refinery Share Cost?

Current reports suggest a price of approximately ₦525 per share.

Reuters reported on September 4 that sources involved with the transaction said the refinery was considering a price range of approximately ₦500 to ₦595 per share, with ₦525 emerging as the likely offer price.

About 4.1 billion shares are expected to be offered.

At ₦525 each, the base offer would be worth roughly ₦2.15 trillion, although Reuters put the expected fundraising at around $1.5 billion based on prevailing exchange rates and deal assumptions.

A 15 per cent greenshoe option is also expected. A greenshoe provision means additional shares can be sold if demand is much stronger than initially expected.

Some of these detailed terms were reported by sources familiar with the transaction, while Dangote Refinery had not publicly commented on all of them when Reuters published its report.

Investors should therefore treat the final approved prospectus, rather than social-media flyers or unofficial investment platforms, as authoritative.

How Much Is Dangote Refinery Worth?

This is likely to become one of the biggest questions surrounding the IPO.

A private placement completed ahead of the public offering reportedly valued the refinery at around $40 billion. Reuters noted, however, that some analysts have questioned how that valuation compares with established international refining companies.

Africa Finance Corporation announced in August that it had led strategic investors in a $2.5 billion private placement in Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals.

A high valuation can reflect investors’ expectations about the refinery’s future earnings, strategic importance and expansion plans.

But it can also mean that investors are paying a substantial price today based partly on expected future growth.

The eventual IPO prospectus should provide investors with more detailed financial information with which to assess the company’s valuation.

Can Ordinary Nigerians Buy Dangote Refinery Shares?

The planned offering is specifically expected to include retail investors, meaning individual Nigerians should be able to participate rather than the offer being restricted exclusively to banks, pension funds and other institutional investors.

Dangote had said earlier in 2026 that Nigerians would be allowed to own shares directly in the refinery.

The precise process will become clearer when the approved prospectus is released.

Typically, investors participating in a Nigerian public offer would need appropriate capital-market identification and an account through which the shares can ultimately be held or traded.

Investors should use only channels and receiving agents specifically named in the official offer documentation.