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Chad’s transition in jeopardy as deadline looms

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With an electoral process dominated by the interim president and former ruling party, Chad’s transition is in jeopardy. With an electoral process dominated by the interim president and former ruling party, Chad’s transition is in jeopardy.

After an unconstitutional takeover in 2021, Chad’s transition to democracy is entering its final phase, with the adoption of the new constitution last December. In preparation for presidential elections before October 2024, a National Election Management Agency and Constitutional Council have been set up – but how free and fair will these polls be?

Having returned from exile, Succès Masra, leader of the strongest opposition party Les Transformateurs (The Transformers), was appointed prime minister on 1 January. His decision to join the government means the opposition’s ability to criticise the administration will be diminished.

The electoral process is dominated by the transitional president, Mahamat Déby, who was selected by the former ruling party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), as its candidate for the presidential elections.

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The law on the election agency’s powers, organisation and functioning was adopted by the National Transitional Council on 26 January. It enshrines the agency’s independence and its members’ immutability during their seven-year mandate – two principles aimed at guaranteeing impartiality.

However, the way its members are appointed is problematic. Of the 15 members, eight are chosen by the transitional president, four by the Senate president, and three by the National Transitional Council president. In the absence of a Senate, it’s up to the council president, who is the former MPS secretary-general, to appoint these four members.

The election agency chairman, Ahmed Bartchiret, is a magistrate and former president of the Supreme Court, but also a member of the former ruling party and close to Déby. He chaired the National Dialogue’s ad hoc commission, which recommended delaying the transition for two years. Most other officers and members of the election agency are also from the former MPS.

The Constitutional Council, which will be responsible for adjudicating electoral disputes, is headed by Jean-Bernard Padaré, a former minister, deputy secretary-general and spokesperson for the MPS. Seven out of the council’s nine members are affiliated with the former ruling party or allied parties.

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Civil society and the opposition believe that with an electoral body controlled by the transitional president, who will likely contest the election, the dice are loaded against them from the start.

Neither of the opposition political party coalitions – the Consultation Group of Political Actors and the Republican Platform – recognise the National Transitional Council, Supreme Court, Constitutional Council, or election agency. Civil society and opposition parties – including Les Transformateurs, which now heads the government – are not represented in the election agency and Constitutional Council. To ensure total control over the upcoming polls, the MPS-transitional president team has taken the lion’s share of positions.

Government Minister and Secretary-General Ramatou Houtouin described the election agency as ‘a permanent institution, with no political nuances, whose members are formally prohibited from serving as leaders of political parties, thus reinforcing its neutrality.’

But in practice, the agency’s composition contradicts this vision and the country’s constitution. Article 238 says that ‘in carrying out its mission, the National Agency for the Management of Elections shall act with complete independence, impartiality, integrity, transparency and professionalism.’

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This is reminiscent of how the national commission responsible for organising the constitutional referendum in 2023 was set up. Despite the Transition Charter guaranteeing this institution’s neutrality, it too was dominated by stakeholders close to the transitional president. Even though they were not strongly contested, the referendum results left many perplexed by both the turnout and the outcome.

Meanwhile, political dialogue between the MPS, government and opposition parties appears to be at a standstill. The Kinshasa Convention, an agreement between the transitional government and Les Transformateurs, was presented as fostering reconciliation but has been criticised by other opposition parties and civil society. They say it’s only binding on the two signatories and is a political agreement that undermines a broader discussion and consensus in Chad.

The election agency and Constitutional Council play a vital role in organising and managing voting and arbitrating any disputes that may arise. Their ability to do so independently and impartially is crucial to their success and credibility – and Chad’s peace and stability.

The current election preparations are far from ideal. Dialogue is essential for Chad to move forward. Masra, an opposition member and current prime minister, could be the perfect link between the presidency and the rest of the political class. And although the appointment of a mediator provides leverage for discussion, time is running out.

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Chad’s partners who have supported the transition from the start should offer their services to bring stakeholders together, ease tensions and obtain a minimum consensus around the forthcoming elections. These include the Economic Community of Central African States, the African Union, the United Nations through the fund to support Chad’s political transition, France and the European Union. The ECCAS facilitator remains central to coordinating actions and achieving better results.

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US Embassy Opens Up On Reasons Behind Reduction in Visa Validity For Nigerians

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The United States Mission in Nigeria on Friday debunked insinuations making the rounds that Washington’s recent decision to reduce visa validity for Nigerians was in retaliation for some actions of the Nigerian government.

The US embassy announced on Tuesday that it had reduced visa validity for non-immigrant Nigerian applicants from five years to three months, citing reciprocity for its action.

But in what appeared to be a u-turn Friday, the mission said it was not a reciprocal action but “part of an ongoing global review of the use of U.S. visas by other countries using technical and security benchmarks to safeguard U.S. immigration systems.”

It said in a statement that speculations that the reduction in visa validity was “the result of any nation’s stance on third-country deportees, introduction of e-visa policies, or affiliations with groups like BRICS” were untrue.

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The statement said: “The U.S. Mission Nigeria wishes to address misconceptions about the recent reduction in visa validity for most nonimmigrant U.S. visas in Nigeria and other countries.

“This reduction is not the result of any nation’s stance on third-country deportees, introduction of e-visa policies, or affiliations with groups like BRICS.

“The reduction in validity is part of an ongoing global review of the use of U.S. visas by other countries using technical and security benchmarks to safeguard U.S. immigration systems.

“ We value our longstanding partnership with Nigeria and remain committed to working closely with the Nigerian public and government officials to help them meet those criteria and benchmarks, thereby ensuring safe, lawful, and mutually beneficial travel between our nations.”

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Foreign Minister Yusuf Tuggar had said on Thursday that the US was “mounting considerable pressure on African countries to accept Venezuelans to be deported from the US, some straight out of prison.”

He said Nigeria, with its own population of over 230 million, was not prepared to accept Venezuelan deportees.

He added:”It will be difficult for a country like Nigeria to accept Venezuelans prisoners into Nigeria. We have enough problems of our own, we cannot accept Venezuelan deportees to Nigeria, for crying out loud.”

He said Nigeria with a population of over 230 million was not prepared to accept Venezuelan deportees.

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“It will be unfair for Nigeria to accept 300 Venezuelan deportees,” he said.

Instead, he said Nigeria was looking “to do deals with the US” because the country has a lot of gas, critical minerals and rare earths needed by American tech companies.

The Wall Street Journal quoted internal documents and sources as saying the Trump administration was pushing the leaders of Liberia, Senegal, Mauritania, Gabon and Guinea-Bissau to accept migrants deported by the US whose home countries refuse them or are slow to take them back.

The newspaper says that, prior to their White House summit on Wednesday, the US government had already sent requests asking all five countries to accept migrants expelled from the US – a strategy the paper described as an “aggressive” overlap between the Trump administration’s deportation campaign and its foreign policy.”

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Trump Appoints Sean Duffy as Interim Head of NASA

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President Trump on Wednesday named Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy as the interim leader of NASA after a previous nomination fell through, rupturing the relationship between Elon Musk and the president.

“He will be a fantastic leader of the ever more important Space Agency, even if only for a short period of time,” Mr. Trump said in a social media post announcing Mr. Duffy’s appointment.

Mr. Duffy, who will also keep his job at the Transportation Department, said on X that he was “honored to accept this mission.”

After Mr. Trump’s successful election campaign, to which Mr. Musk contributed more than $250 million, the president-elect picked Jared Isaacman, a billionaire entrepreneur and a close associate of Mr. Musk, to lead NASA.

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Mr. Isaacman was Mr. Musk’s choice to lead the agency, and his appointment was seen as beneficial to SpaceX, Mr. Musk’s rocket company. SpaceX has multiple NASA contracts, which are crucial to its business, and Mr. Isaacman has twice gone to space as a private astronaut on SpaceX flights.

In a social media post announcing the nomination in December, Mr. Trump praised Mr. Isaacman as an exceptional leader with a passion for space.

On May 31, the day after Mr. Musk left his government position, Mr. Trump announced that he had withdrawn Mr. Isaacman’s nomination, citing “a thorough review of prior associations.” The president had been informed that Mr. Isaacman had donated to Democrats in the past, and considered that unacceptable.

While the relationship between Mr. Trump and Mr. Musk had already been deteriorating, the withdrawal of Mr. Isaacman’s nomination pushed it toward a total breakdown.

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Mr. Trump said this week that it would have been inappropriate for Mr. Isaacman to lead NASA because of his friendship with Mr. Musk and SpaceX’s business with the agency.

The administration is yet to announce its next choice for NASA administrator.

“Short of a new nominee, this was a great move,” Mr. Isaacman said on social media after Mr. Duffy’s interim position was announced. “NASA needs political leadership from someone the President trusts and has confidence in.”

As the caretaker head of NASA, Mr. Duffy would also become the latest Trump official to hold multiple jobs in the administration. Others include Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who has three additional jobs, and Todd Blanche, the deputy attorney general who is also the acting Librarian of Congress.

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Mr. Duffy will replace Janet Petro, a veteran NASA executive, who was appointed acting head of the agency by the Trump administration in January.

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Politician sentenced to death over $37.8M bribery scandal

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A Chinese politician has been sentenced to death over a $37.8M bribery scandal.

Wang Yong, a former vice-chairman of the government of the Xizang autonomous region, received a suspended death sentence for taking bribes, a court in Hunan province announced.

The Chenzhou Intermediate People’s Court sentenced Wang to death for bribery with a two-year reprieve.

The court deprived him of his political rights for life and ordered the confiscation of all his personal assets.

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All of Wang’s illicit gains and related interests will be turned over to the State treasury.

The court said that from 2007 to 2023, Wang used his various positions including as director of the policy and regulations department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China Southwest Regional Administration, Party secretary, and director of the Civil Aviation Safety Supervision Bureau of Guizhou province, and Party secretary and chairman of Guizhou Airport Group to seek benefits for organizations and individuals in project contracts and other areas.

In return, he accepted bribes worth more than 271 million yuan ($37.8 million).

The court said Wang’s offenses were extremely serious, with an “extreme” amount of bribes, and causing significant damage to public assets and the interests of the country and the people.

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Wang confessed to his crimes, pleaded guilty, showed remorse, and actively returned his illegal gains, which have been fully recovered, the court said. These actions led to a lenient punishment.

Wang’s case was heard publicly on May 15, with more than 40 people attending the trial. Prosecutors presented evidence, and Wang admitted guilt and made a final statement in court.

In China, a suspended death sentence is typically commuted to life in prison after two years if the inmate commits no further crimes. The term can be further reduced based on the inmate’s behavior.

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