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Death toll rises as cholera rages in Lagos, Oyo, Kano

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Lagos is shivering under the outbreak of cholera. A vicious intestinal illness has gripped the state, adding a layer of fear to the already bustling streets. With 24 deaths, 35 confirmed cases and 417 suspected cases across the state as of Friday, July 21, 2024, experts say the outbreak isn’t just a national concern but a local fight for survival, particularly in areas where access to clean water and proper sanitation remains a luxury.

Apart from poor water and sanitation challenges, the plight of citizens leaves much to be desired.

17-year-old Bayo was rushed-in with his frail body racked with chills. His worried mother, Dolapo, wiped his face, a deep fear etched on her face. “Please admit him, don’t reject us. Today is a public holiday, please help, it started yesterday,” Dolapo murmured. “Just stomach cramps at first, but now…” Bayo unfortunately lost his life in one of the private hospitals in the Ago area of Lagos. His case is among the rising number of cholera infections plaguing Lagos.

With limited resources and a densely populated city to contend with, Lagos grapples with controlling the outbreak.

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Sadly, water and sanitation remain a challenge in the state. From the end of Makoko to the highbrow areas of Victoria Island in Lagos, potable water remains a challenge despite having water all around the city.

A situation report issued by the state Commissioner for Health, Prof Akin Abayomi, last Friday (EPI Week 25), as of 19th of June, 2024, revealed that the outbreak has swept across the 20 LGAs.

While the highest outbreak occurred in Ajeromi, Kosofe, Epe, Ikorodu, Alimosho and Eti-Osa LGAs, as of 10th of June, 2024, the Commissioner said there was the need to adhere strictly to personal and environmental hygiene to stay safe from infection risk.

However, in what seems like an attack on cholera in countries, the World Health Organisation (WHO) announced a resurgence of cholera worldwide.

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WHO said in May 2024, a total of 46,364 new cholera cases were reported from 19 countries, showing 58 per cent increase from the previous month.

It said from January 1, 2024 to May 26, 2024, a total of 194,897 cholera cases and 1,932 deaths were reported from 24 countries across five regions.

WHO said the Eastern Mediterranean region recorded the highest numbers (98,003 cases; seven countries), followed by the African region (92,789 cases; 14 countries), the Americas (2,672 cases; one country), the South-East Asia region (1,328 cases; two countries), and the European region (105 cases; one country).

WHO added that during this period, the African region reported 1,698 deaths; the Eastern Mediterranean region, 256 deaths; the region of the Americas, 13 deaths; the Southeast Asia region, four deaths; and the European region, one death.

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The global body’s report comes as Lagos, Nigeria’s most populous city and commercial capital, battles a cholera outbreak.

Blame

However, while the disease continues to sweep across countries and states in Nigeria, experts have continued to blame the Nigerian government for paying lip service to water and sanitation.

Today, most communities across Nigeria cannot boast of adequate safe drinking water. The affordability of bottled water, often used as a safer alternative, is also a challenge for many families.

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For instance, in Lagos, sachet water, the presumed alternative to borehole water, is sold, in many areas, for N50 and, in others areas, it goes for N30. Five bags of water are sold for N1,500 and in some areas N2,000.

Bottle water goes for N200 per bottle. Sadly, many Nigerians who have resorted to borehole water can no longer boil before drinking due to the hike in electricity tariff.

Public health experts have warned that without improved water, sanitation and hygiene, cholera will remain endemic in Lagos and Nigeria in particular.

According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Chief, Lagos Field Office, Celine Lafoucrier, safer water could save 1.4 million child deaths from diarrhoea, 500,000 deaths from malaria, 860,000 child deaths from malnutrition, as well as protect 10 million people from serious illnesses like lymphatic filariasis and trachoma.

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She said the current outbreak demonstrates the need for an urgent government focus on ensuring water provided to the population is clean and risk-free.

According to her, good water and sanitation infrastructure play a crucial role in reducing disease outbreaks such as cholera, which causes an estimated 100,000 deaths annually.

Lip service

In an interview with Sunday Vanguard, a public health disease expert, Dr Casmir Ifeanyi, said the country has continued to pay lip service to water, sanitation and hygiene.

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“I challenge you to go and dig it up. Of the 30 states already reported to have the outbreak, how many of them have a public potable water supply in place? I can categorically tell you, none. So, we do know that cholera is a disease that thrives where water, sanitation and hygiene are at its low rate,” Ifeanyi stated.

He emphasised the need for improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices, including addressing open defecation and ensuring access to clean water which are essential for preventing future outbreaks.

The public health expert warned that the outbreak, particularly severe in developed areas of Lagos, highlights deficiencies in sanitation and water quality.

According to him, schools with proper hygiene facilities and access to clean water could reopen, after mid-term holiday, with heightened public health education on hygiene practices.

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However, expressing concerns about densely populated areas with limited access to clean water, Ifeanyi said: “It must be said that the situation that will sustain this outbreak is quite high. I give you an example. I do not know how much a bag of sachet water is sold in Lagos, but, in most of Nigeria, it is now between N400 and N600 and, if you buy that it should be either 20 sachets. I do not know how long it would sustain families and, besides, the source of this sachet water and also bottled water is also questionable because their conformity to water processing is still very unsure.”

Increased Public Health Measures

Ifeanyi, who is also the National President of the Association of Medical Laboratory Scientists of Nigeria (AMLSN), urged Lagos State government to prioritize improved detection and surveillance of cholera and cholera-like illnesses. “This includes contact tracing, increased access to cholera testing kits, and a thermal risk factor analysis specific to Lagos,” he said.

Noting that food safety is another critical area, he stressed that the state government should implement stricter food safety protocols, including lab testing of imported and commercially sold water.

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“Public health authorities must beef up to detect cholera and cholera-like illnesses and also to put in place a surveillance system that promotes disease tracking. That is to say, if you have an individual whose case is confirmed, then there’s a need to do contact tracing and to evaluate the contact,” the expert said.

Expressing disappointment in the description of the Lagos cholera as aggressive without the proper name of the type, he pointed out that the government has failed to provide infrastructure and facilities for diagnostic testing and typing whenever there is an outbreak.

According to him, there was a need to identify the biotype of the cholera responsible for the outbreak and not use ominous words like aggressive.

Glimmer of Hope

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Ifeanyi said the state government should immediately deploy cholera vaccine particularly for school children, adding that individual vigilance remains paramount.

He advised Lagosians to boil or treat drinking water, avoid raw fruits and vegetables, and practice frequent and thorough handwashing.

Corroborating his views, a public physician, Dr Femi Oyekan, who spoke to Sunday Vanguard, stressed that cholera outbreaks originate and spread within communities, making community-led and participatory approaches essential for sustainable prevention.

According to him, citizens also have a lot of things to do to help combat cholera outbreak by ensuring proper hygiene, keeping their environment clean, avoiding open defecation, and ensuring proper waste and sewage disposal.

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“Ultimately, access to clean water and sanitation is critical in preventing outbreaks. Communities must take collective action to ensure clean water access and maintain good hygiene. Identifying and empowering positive role models within the community can encourage the widespread adoption of healthy.

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TUC proposes N2.5m threshold for personal income tax waiver

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The Trade Union Congress of Nigeria has called for an increase in the tax exemption threshold from N800,000 to N2.5m per annum to ease economic challenges faced by low-income earners.

The union stressed that this measure would increase disposable income, stimulate economic activity, and provide much-needed relief to workers and their families.

The president of the union, Festus Osifo, made the call in a statement on Tuesday.

He said, “We still have two items that we strongly believe should be reviewed in the tax bills that will immensely benefit Nigerians.

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“The threshold for tax exemptions should be increased from the current N800,000 per annum, as proposed in the bill, to N2,500,000 per annum. This will provide relief to struggling Nigerians within that income bracket, easing the excruciating economic challenges they face by increasing their disposable income.”

On the proposed transfer of royalty collection to the Nigeria Revenue Service, the TUC president warned of potential revenue losses and inefficiencies due to the lack of technical expertise in oil and gas operations within the NRS

He said, “The proposed bill assigning royalty collection to the Nigeria Revenue Service appears beneficial on the surface but would most likely result in significant revenue losses for the government. Royalty determination and reconciliation require specialised technical expertise in oil and gas operations, which NUPRC possesses but NRS lacks, potentially leading to inaccurate assessments and enforcement issues.

“Additionally, this shift would create regulatory burdens, increase compliance costs for industry players, and reduce investor confidence due to overlapping functions and inefficiencies between NUPRC and NRS.”

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Osifo reiterated that allowing the VAT rate to remain at 7.5 percent was the best for the country.

“Allowing the Value Added Tax rate to remain at 7.5% is in the best interest of the nation, as increasing it would place an additional financial burden on Nigerians, many of whom are already struggling with economic challenges.

“At a time when inflation, unemployment, and the cost of living are rising, imposing higher taxes would further strain households and businesses, potentially slowing economic growth and reducing consumer purchasing power,” Osifo said.

Osifo noted that the union welcomed the inclusion of a derivation component in VAT distribution among the three tiers of government, describing it as a step toward reducing dependence on oil revenues and encouraging sub-national productivity.

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He said, “On a general perspective, we welcome the inclusion of a derivation component in the Value Added Tax distribution amongst the three tiers of government. When passed into law and properly implemented, it will encourage productivity at the sub-national level, thereby moving us gradually from a total rent-seeking economy to a derivation-based system that will stimulate economic activities.”

The TUC president said the continued existence of the Tertiary Education Trust Fund and the National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure would bring about progress to the nation’s education as well as engender economic development in the country.

He said, “It is also good to note that both TETFUND and NASENI will remain a going concern, as these institutions have greatly impacted the country through their respective mandates. Both have respectively been instrumental in improving our tertiary education and the adoption of homegrown technologies to enhance national productivity and self-reliance. Their continued existence is vital for sustaining progress in education, technology, and economic development across the country.”

However, the union president urged the Federal Government to adopt equitable tax policies that prioritise the welfare of citizens.

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He said, “ While we deeply appreciate the Federal Government’s efforts to listen and adjust to our advocacy, we still advocate that the above concerns be considered and adopted in the Tax Reform Bill, they will be highly beneficial to the Government and Nigerian populace.

“The Trade Union Congress of Nigeria has a shared responsibility to promote policies that improve the lives of Nigerians amongst whom are workers. We believe that proactive measures, when implemented, are for the maximum good of the citizens and are evidence of great and sincere leadership. As the conversations around the Tax Reform Bill continue, it is our expectation that the focus would be equitable economic growth and improved living conditions for all Nigerians.”

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C’River Assembly proposes 50 appointees for LG chairmen

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The Cross River State House of Assembly has commenced the process of amending the Local Government Law 2007.

The proposed amendment seeks to increase political appointments across the local government areas.

Sponsored by the lawmaker representing Abi State Constituency, Davies Etta,on Tuesday in Calabar, the bill proposed to raise the number of appointees in each LGA to 50, including 16 Special Adviser positions and the creation of a new cadre of officials known as Ward Relation Officers.

The bill proposes that “The Chairman of Council may appoint such number of Special Advisers to assist him in the discharge of his duties, provided that appointments, when added to other statutory appointments, shall not exceed a total number of 50.”

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According to the provisions of the amended law, Ward Relation Officers will hold ranks equivalent to Special Advisers and will report directly to the LG chairman of the respective local government areas.

The lawmaker explained that initiative aims to enhance grassroots engagement and governance at the ward level.

The bill also seeks to elevate the office of the Head of Local Government Administration to the status of a Permanent Secretary in the state public service.

It proposed that“The office of the HOLGA shall be equivalent to the Office of a Permanent Secretary of the State Public Service and shall enjoy all rights and privileges of the Permanent Secretary, including pensions.”

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Additionally, the amendment stipulated that appointments to the position of HOLGA must not be made from outside the local government service of the state.

The bill, which has already passed its first and second readings in the House, has been referred to the Joint Committee on Local Government Affairs, Judiciary, and Public Accounts for further deliberations and stakeholders’ inputs.

Speaking on the bill, the Speaker of the Cross River State House of Assembly, Elvert Ayambem, said it aimed to strengthen local government administration by fostering inclusivity and empowering grassroots leaders to contribute more effectively to governance.

“This amendment is about bridging the gap between local governments and the people by making governance more accessible and impactful,” he stated.

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Meanwhile, the Assembly, on Tuesday, urged the Ministry of Environment and relevant animal control agencies to address the issue of unrestrained domestic animals within the Calabar metropolis.

The House emphasised the need for owners to take responsibility for restraining their animals to prevent them from roaming the streets.

This resolution followed a motion presented by Ovat Agbor, representing Obubra 1 State Constituency.

Agbor called for the sanitisation of the city, lamenting that stray animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle pose a nuisance by littering streets, destroying gardens, and defacing greenery intended to beautify the state.

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Agbor also highlighted the dangers posed by stray animals, citing a recent incident where a stray dog attacked a schoolboy, inflicting severe injuries.

He stressed that it is the owners’ responsibility to care for and confine their animals.

Hillary Bisong, representing Boki 2 State Constituency, supported the motion, and described the trend as detrimental to the state’s tourism potential.

Other lawmakers echoed similar concerns and urged swift action to control the situation.

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In his remarks, the Speaker described the motion as timely and reaffirmed the House’s commitment to maintaining Calabar’s status as Nigeria’s cleanest city.

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Court denies El-Rufai’s ex-Chief of Staff Saidu bail

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A Federal high court in Kaduna State has rejected a bail request from Bashir Saidu, who served as chief of staff and Finance Commissioner under former Governor Nasir El-Rufai.

Police arrested Saidu on January 2nd, 2025, moving him to the Kaduna correctional centre. He faces 10 charges of money laundering, embezzlement, and stealing public funds from the Kaduna State Government.

According to Channels TV report, when Saidu appeared before Justice Isa Aliyu on Tuesday, he denied all charges. The prosecution claims Saidu sold $45 million of state funds at N410 per dollar instead of the market rate of N498, causing the government to lose N3.9 billion. They say this happened in 2022 while he managed Kaduna’s finances under El-Rufai. Prosecutors argue Saidu laundered this N3.9 billion difference, breaking Section 18 of the Money Laundering Act 2022.

Saidu’s lawyer, M I Abubakar, pressed for bail, noting his client had spent 21 days in custody. But prosecutor Professor Nasiru Aliyu fought back, saying the law gives prosecutors seven days to answer bail requests.

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Justice Aliyu agreed with the prosecution, granting them time to respond. The court will hear the bail application on January 23rd, 2025.

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