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Breast Cancer: Early Signs and a 3-Step Guide to Self-Examination

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Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), early detection is critical in reducing mortality. Understanding the early signs of breast cancer and learning how to conduct regular breast self-examinations (BSE) can empower individuals to take charge of their health.

What is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells in the breast grow out of control, forming a tumor that may spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. It affects both women and men, although it is far more common in women.

Early Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer

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Detecting breast cancer early greatly improves the chances of successful treatment.

According to BreastCancer.org, regularly checking your breasts can aid in early detection and better outcomes. Here are some of the common early warning signs:

1. A Lump in the Breast or Underarm
Usually hard and painless
Often the first noticeable symptom
May feel different from the rest of the breast tissue

2. Change in Breast Size or Shape
Swelling of all or part of a breast
Visible distortion not linked to menstrual cycle

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3. Skin Changes
Dimpling or puckering, resembling orange peel texture (peau d’orange)
Redness or flaking skin around the nipple

4. Nipple Changes
Inversion or retraction (nipple turning inward)
Unexplained discharge (especially if bloody)
Pain in the nipple area

5. Persistent Breast or Nipple Pain
Not related to menstruation or injury

6. Swollen Lymph Nodes
Found near the collarbone or under the arm
May suggest that cancer has spread
How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

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When to Perform:
Once a month, preferably a few days after your menstrual cycle ends
For non-menstruating women, pick a consistent day each month

Steps to Follow:

Step 1: Visual Inspection (In Front of a Mirror)
Stand with shoulders straight and arms on hips
Look for visible changes: size, shape, skin texture, nipple position
Raise arms above your head and observe the same

Step 2: Manual Inspection While Standing or Sitting
Use the pads of your fingers
Apply light, medium, and firm pressure
Cover the entire breast from top to bottom, side to side
Don’t forget the armpit area
Step 3: Manual Inspection While Lying Down

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Lie flat and place a pillow under your shoulder
Use the opposite hand to examine each breast
Move fingers in circular, up-and-down, or wedge patterns

What to Do If You Notice Changes

If you detect a lump or any unusual changes, do not panic. Most lumps are non-cancerous (benign). However, it is crucial to consult a qualified medical professional for evaluation and possibly undergo further testing such as:

Mammogram
Ultrasound
Biopsy

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Who is at Risk?

While breast cancer can affect anyone, the following factors may increase risk:

Age (over 40)
Family history of breast cancer
Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2)
Obesity
Alcohol consumption
Early menstruation or late menopause
Hormone replacement therapy

Can Men Get Breast Cancer?

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Yes, although rare, male breast cancer does occur. Men should also be vigilant and report any lumps or nipple discharge to a doctor.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

Maintain a healthy weight
Exercise regularly
Limit alcohol intake
Avoid smoking
Consider breastfeeding, which may reduce risk
Regular screening (especially if over 40 or at high risk)

When to Get Screened
Age 40–44: Optional annual mammograms
Age 45–54: Annual mammograms recommended
Age 55+: Mammograms every 2 years or as advised

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Consult your healthcare provider for personalized screening plans, especially if you have a family history of breast cancer.

Conclusion

Early detection of breast cancer can save lives. By learning the signs and performing regular breast self-examinations, individuals can catch potential issues early and seek medical attention promptly.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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1. What are the first signs of breast cancer?

Early signs of breast cancer may include a painless lump in the breast or underarm, nipple discharge, skin dimpling, breast pain, or visible changes in the shape or size of the breast.

2. How can I tell if a breast lump is cancerous?

While not all breast lumps are cancerous, a suspicious lump is often hard, irregular in shape, and does not move easily under the skin. Only a medical examination and diagnostic tests like a mammogram or biopsy can confirm if it’s cancerous.

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3. What is a breast self-examination (BSE)?

A breast self-examination is a method women use to check their own breasts for lumps, changes in size or shape, or any other unusual signs. It is a proactive way to detect early signs of breast cancer.

4. When is the best time to perform a breast self-examination?

The best time is a few days after your menstrual period ends when breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender. Postmenopausal women can choose a consistent day each month.

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5. How do I perform a breast self-examination?
Stand in front of a mirror and visually inspect your breasts.
Raise your arms and check for changes in contour.
Use your fingertips to feel your breasts in a circular motion while lying down or in the shower.
Cover the entire area including underarms.

6. How often should I do a breast self-exam?

It is recommended to perform a self-exam once a month. Regular checks help you become familiar with your normal breast structure and notice any changes quickly.

7. Can men get breast cancer too?

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Yes, although rare, men can also develop breast cancer. Signs include lumps, nipple discharge, or skin changes around the chest area. Men should also consult a doctor if they notice any symptoms.

8. What should I do if I find a lump during self-examination?

Do not panic. Not all lumps are cancerous. Schedule an appointment with a healthcare professional for further examination, which may include a mammogram, ultrasound, or biopsy.

9. Is breast pain a sign of breast cancer?

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Breast pain is usually not a symptom of cancer and is more commonly linked to hormonal changes. However, persistent pain in one area should be evaluated by a doctor.

10. What increases the risk of developing breast cancer?

Key risk factors include age, family history, genetic mutations (like BRCA1/BRCA2), obesity, alcohol consumption, and hormone replacement therapy.

11. How accurate is a breast self-examination?

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While a self-exam is not a substitute for medical screening, it helps in early detection. For full accuracy, combine self-exams with routine mammograms and clinical breast exams.

12. Should young women perform breast self-exams?

Yes. Starting in your 20s, it’s advisable to become familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel to detect any unusual changes early.

13. What age should women start breast cancer screening?

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Most women should start annual mammograms at age 40, but those with high risk (e.g., family history) may need to begin earlier. Always consult a healthcare provider.

14. Can breast cancer be prevented?

While not all cases can be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle—like maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking—can lower your risk.

Health is wealth. Stay informed, stay empowered.

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To learn more about the proper technique, visit the BreastCancer.org guide on breast self-examination, a trusted resource offering visual steps and expert advice for early detection.

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Health

Couple Told They Would ‘Never’ Conceive Defy Medical Odds, Welcome Healthy Triplets

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A couple who were told by fertility specialists that they would most likely never conceive naturally have celebrated the birth of triplets, describing the children as nothing short of miraculous.

Marina and Bishoy Salib, a married couple from England, said they were left heartbroken in 2024 after doctors informed them that their chances of having biological children together were extremely slim. Despite the discouraging prognosis, they refused to give up hope. Just over a year later, they welcomed three healthy babies.

Their extraordinary journey began after months of unsuccessful attempts to start a family. Seeking medical advice, Marina, now 30, underwent an Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) test in August 2024. The test measures the level of anti-Müllerian hormone in the body, which is commonly used as an indicator of a woman’s ovarian reserve, or the number of eggs remaining.

According to the results, Marina had a significantly diminished ovarian reserve, leading specialists to conclude that natural conception would be highly unlikely.

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Speaking in an interview with SWNS, Bishoy, 33, recalled the devastating consultation.

“They told us that my wife couldn’t get pregnant,” he said. “When we saw the fertility specialist, he made it clear that there was no chance for her to conceive naturally.”

The diagnosis deeply affected Marina, who struggled emotionally with the news.

Bishoy said watching his wife cope with the disappointment was one of the most difficult periods of their marriage.

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“She was heartbroken and cried a lot. She kept asking herself why she couldn’t have children,” he said.

Although medical professionals suggested using an egg donor as the most realistic option for pregnancy, the couple said the recommendation conflicted with their deeply held religious beliefs as members of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

“I told the specialist that we are Christians and we believe in miracles,” Bishoy explained. “Even our general practitioner repeated that egg donation was the only possible route, but we remained committed to our faith.”

While remaining open to adoption if necessary, the couple continued praying and hoping for a miracle while trying to conceive naturally.

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Their persistence paid off unexpectedly on May 19, 2025.

According to Bishoy, he felt an unexplained urge to ask Marina to take a pregnancy test, even though both of them believed the outcome would be negative.

“She looked at me and asked why she should even bother taking the test after being told she wasn’t producing enough eggs,” he recalled. “Honestly, I still don’t know why I insisted.”

To their amazement, the test came back positive.

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Marina was overwhelmed with emotion, unable to believe what she was seeing.

“She couldn’t even stand. She was shaking, laughing and crying at the same time,” Bishoy said.

Still convinced there had been a mistake, Marina reportedly took several more pregnancy tests to confirm the result before finally calling her husband to share the life-changing news.

The surprises did not end there.

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During a subsequent hospital appointment, doctors informed the couple that they were not expecting one baby, but three.

On November 28, 2025, Marina gave birth to non-identical triplets a daughter named Miracle and two sons, Levi and Suriel.

Looking back on their remarkable journey, Bishoy said the children are a constant reminder that hope can endure even in the face of seemingly impossible circumstances.

The couple now describe their son and daughter as their “miracles,” saying their experience has strengthened both their faith and appreciation for parenthood after overcoming what once appeared to be insurmountable odds.

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Ebola deaths exceed 300 in DR Congo – Heath authorities

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The Ebola epidemic has claimed more than 300 lives in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a little over one month after it was declared, health authorities said on Friday.

The deadly viral disease, which spreads through direct contact with bodily fluids, can cause severe bleeding and organ failure.

A total of 304 people in the DRC have now died of the virus, from 1,115 confirmed infections since the outbreak was detected on May 15, giving a mortality rate of 26.3 percent, the National Public Health Institute (INSP) said.

This is a jump from the 202 deaths confirmed on June 18 by the African Union’s health agency, from 875 confirmed infections — a mortality rate of 23 percent.

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The Red Cross warned last week that the outbreak of the haemorrhagic fever has yet to peak and could take up to a year to contain.

In some rare good news, the DRC authorities announced in early June that several Ebola patients had been treated and cured.

Responders to the epidemic, the 17th to hit the vast, unstable central African country, face towering challenges.

No approved vaccines or treatments exist for the Bundibugyo strain of the virus responsible for the latest outbreak to hit the DRC, which is one of the world’s poorest countries.

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The three affected provinces in eastern DRC — Ituri, North Kivu and South Kivu — have been plagued for three decades by conflict and mass displacement, complicating the response.

The outbreak has spread to neighbouring Uganda, where containment measures have been effective.

Kampala has reported 20 confirmed cases nationwide, including two deaths since May 15. Most of those infected are Congolese nationals who have travelled to Uganda.

On Wednesday, France reported the outbreak’s first confirmed case of Ebola outside Africa — a Congolese doctor who was working in the DRC for the international medical aid NGO ALIMA.

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The World Health Organization says there is minimal risk of the virus spreading in Europe and there is no need for travel restrictions.

Air France, on which the doctor flew back to France, has nevertheless suspended all flights to Kinshasa for several days.

– Ituri –

The vast majority of cases in the DRC have been detected in Ituri.

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The mineral-rich province is plagued with unrest from a string of rival armed groups, and frequent population movements favour the spread of the disease.

More than 91 percent of all infections have been registered in the provincial capital, Bunia, and more than 82 percent of all deaths.

Efforts to contain the virus have been ratcheted up in Ituri.

But healthcare facilities -– which often operate with limited resources — still lack basic equipment and supplies, such as personal protective equipment and chlorine.

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Many clinics set up by the WHO and aid agencies are close to full, the country’s public health agency said.

At least 78 healthcare workers have been infected with the virus, and 18 have died, it added.

Medical and aid workers also have to contend with deep mistrust from some local communities.

Some families have demanded that hospitals hand over the bodies of the deceased, not realising that touching the body puts them at risk of contamination.

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The reluctance of some families to allow post-mortem examinations on the victims is also leading to an underestimation of the number of cases, officials said.

AFP

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DR Congo Ebola outbreak tops 1,000 cases, kills 254

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More than 1,000 Ebola infections have been recorded in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the latest outbreak has killed more than 250 people, official figures showed Monday.

The country’s National Institute of Public Health (INSP) confirmed 1,003 cases and 254 deaths, with a fatality rate of 25 percent.

The latest outbreak of the deadly haemorrhagic fever was declared on May 15.

Almost all cases are in Ituri province in the northeast, a conflict-weary region plagued by armed groups.

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In total, three provinces have been affected: Ituri, neighbouring North Kivu and South Kivu, home to around 15 million people.

The virus has also spread to neighbouring Uganda, where the World Health Organization has recorded 20 cases and two deaths, though Kampala said the situation was “under control” earlier this month.

The outbreak is caused by the rare Bundibugyo strain of the virus, for which there is no vaccine or specific treatment.

Existing Ebola vaccines, developed between 2018 and 2019, are only effective against the Zaire strain, which caused previous major outbreaks.

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The World Health Organization has declared an international public health emergency, warning the outbreak could last months.

“The outbreak was declared around two months after the first suspected deaths were reported… During that time, the disease spread unchecked in ways we still don’t fully understand,” an international aid group representative told AFP, speaking anonymously.

AFP

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