Health
Taking salt substitutes may lower risk for heart disease, stroke
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Nutritionists and cardiovascular experts have warned against high sodium (salt) intake due to its ability to increase blood pressure, the danger it poses to cardiovascular health and its ability to predispose people to noncommunicable diseases.
They, however, recommend the consumption of potassium salt substitutes instead of dietary salt (sodium chloride) to reduce such risks.
According to them, sodium and chloride in salt can cause an expansion of the extracellular fluid volume, which over time, causes a rise in blood pressure that results in strokes, heart failure, heart attacks, and kidney disease.
While calling for the replacement of sodium chloride with salty-tasting potassium chloride, experts said decreasing dietary salt intake from the current global levels of 9–12 grams per day to the recommended level of less than 5 grams per day would have a major impact on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.
The professionals said that salt reduction strategies are best in the prevention of global noncommunicable diseases and can avert over yearly 2.5 million deaths from heart attacks and strokes.
According to the World Health Organisation, potassium salt substitutes are alternatives to regular salt both as an ingredient of pre-packaged foods and as salt added to food and beverages by consumers.
The WHO noted that the use of potassium salt substitutes also known as low-sodium salt substitutes is increasingly being considered as a potential blood pressure-lowering strategy by national health authorities and public health organisations.
“The amount of dietary salt consumed is an important determinant of blood pressure levels and of hypertension and overall cardiovascular risk. Annually, 17.5 million deaths are attributable to cardiovascular disease, which accounts for an estimated 31 per cent of deaths globally.
“It is also estimated that one out of every 10 cardiovascular deaths are attributable to salt intake of more than 5g per day,” the United Nations agency added.
Speaking exclusively with PUNCH Healthwise a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, Olusola Malomo said dietary salt is essential to the body, but its high intake can also raise blood pressure, which can damage the body in many ways.
He said high blood pressure has been linked to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other health-related problems, adding that potassium salt substitute provides a seasoning alternative for manufacturers looking for how to reduce sodium.
He added, “Potassium has many important functions. It allows the nerves to respond to stimulation and muscles to contract, including those in the heart. It reduces the effect of sodium in table salt on blood pressure.
“It helps to move nutrients into cells, and waste products out of cells. Salt substitutes made from potassium chloride alone look like regular salt and have a salty flavour, but have zero sodium.
“However, potassium doesn’t activate the same taste cells as sodium. That’s why people complain that these substitutes often leave a bitter or metallic aftertaste. Salt substitutes contain potassium chloride, either alone or mixed with regular salt.”
Malomo added that potassium salt is less processed than table salt and retains trace minerals, which add flavour and colour, insisting that sea salt is also available as fine grains or crystals and is often promoted as being healthier than table salt.
On its impact on cardiovascular health, a Consultant Cardiologist at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Dr Akinsanya Olusegun-Joseph, said the human body needs a small quantity of salt for optimal health and development but too much of it causes the body to retain water.
“This increase in fluid in the body increases blood pressure, which puts a strain on blood vessels, the heart and kidneys. With this, people with high blood pressure have an increased risk of coming down with heart disease and stroke.
“It’s, therefore, safe to say that everyone should pay attention to and reduce their dietary salt intake. Potassium salt is available in Nigeria and we recommend it to some patients. A lot of people don’t know the quantity of salt they consume daily.
“Too much sodium and the accompanying fluid retention in the body can be very dangerous. But potassium has a way of dilating the vessels and by doing this, the blood pressure will be reduced. The spiral resistance reduces and blood pressure comes down.
“Sodium causes retention of fluid but potassium doesn’t. Potassium will reduce high blood pressure but sodium will increase it. So, potassium salt substitutes have a greater advantage when compared with sodium chloride.”
Buttressing this position, a study published in the National Library of Medicine titled, ‘Potential use of salt substitutes to reduce blood pressure’,’ by Clare Farrand and her team, affirmed that higher intakes of potassium are associated with decreased blood pressure independent of sodium intake.
The study also suggested that increased consumption of potassium can mitigate the negative effects of high sodium consumption on blood pressure, indicating that the sodium‐potassium ratio of the diet is therefore a major determinant of blood pressure.
“Both sodium and chloride in salt lead to an increase in blood pressure and then cause strokes, heart failure, and heart attacks, as well as kidney disease,” the study stated.
The authors recommended a reduction in sodium use in food manufacturing and processing, and to explore the use of potassium‐based sodium replacers.
“Further consideration may need to be given to how best to label salt substitutes (namely potassium) in processed foods to ensure that people who may be adversely impacted are aware,” the study recommended.
Health
Couple Told They Would ‘Never’ Conceive Defy Medical Odds, Welcome Healthy Triplets
A couple who were told by fertility specialists that they would most likely never conceive naturally have celebrated the birth of triplets, describing the children as nothing short of miraculous.
Marina and Bishoy Salib, a married couple from England, said they were left heartbroken in 2024 after doctors informed them that their chances of having biological children together were extremely slim. Despite the discouraging prognosis, they refused to give up hope. Just over a year later, they welcomed three healthy babies.
Their extraordinary journey began after months of unsuccessful attempts to start a family. Seeking medical advice, Marina, now 30, underwent an Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) test in August 2024. The test measures the level of anti-Müllerian hormone in the body, which is commonly used as an indicator of a woman’s ovarian reserve, or the number of eggs remaining.
According to the results, Marina had a significantly diminished ovarian reserve, leading specialists to conclude that natural conception would be highly unlikely.
Speaking in an interview with SWNS, Bishoy, 33, recalled the devastating consultation.
“They told us that my wife couldn’t get pregnant,” he said. “When we saw the fertility specialist, he made it clear that there was no chance for her to conceive naturally.”
The diagnosis deeply affected Marina, who struggled emotionally with the news.
Bishoy said watching his wife cope with the disappointment was one of the most difficult periods of their marriage.
“She was heartbroken and cried a lot. She kept asking herself why she couldn’t have children,” he said.
Although medical professionals suggested using an egg donor as the most realistic option for pregnancy, the couple said the recommendation conflicted with their deeply held religious beliefs as members of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
“I told the specialist that we are Christians and we believe in miracles,” Bishoy explained. “Even our general practitioner repeated that egg donation was the only possible route, but we remained committed to our faith.”
While remaining open to adoption if necessary, the couple continued praying and hoping for a miracle while trying to conceive naturally.
Their persistence paid off unexpectedly on May 19, 2025.
According to Bishoy, he felt an unexplained urge to ask Marina to take a pregnancy test, even though both of them believed the outcome would be negative.
“She looked at me and asked why she should even bother taking the test after being told she wasn’t producing enough eggs,” he recalled. “Honestly, I still don’t know why I insisted.”
To their amazement, the test came back positive.
Marina was overwhelmed with emotion, unable to believe what she was seeing.
“She couldn’t even stand. She was shaking, laughing and crying at the same time,” Bishoy said.
Still convinced there had been a mistake, Marina reportedly took several more pregnancy tests to confirm the result before finally calling her husband to share the life-changing news.
The surprises did not end there.
During a subsequent hospital appointment, doctors informed the couple that they were not expecting one baby, but three.
On November 28, 2025, Marina gave birth to non-identical triplets a daughter named Miracle and two sons, Levi and Suriel.
Looking back on their remarkable journey, Bishoy said the children are a constant reminder that hope can endure even in the face of seemingly impossible circumstances.
The couple now describe their son and daughter as their “miracles,” saying their experience has strengthened both their faith and appreciation for parenthood after overcoming what once appeared to be insurmountable odds.
Health
Ebola deaths exceed 300 in DR Congo – Heath authorities
The Ebola epidemic has claimed more than 300 lives in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a little over one month after it was declared, health authorities said on Friday.
The deadly viral disease, which spreads through direct contact with bodily fluids, can cause severe bleeding and organ failure.
A total of 304 people in the DRC have now died of the virus, from 1,115 confirmed infections since the outbreak was detected on May 15, giving a mortality rate of 26.3 percent, the National Public Health Institute (INSP) said.
This is a jump from the 202 deaths confirmed on June 18 by the African Union’s health agency, from 875 confirmed infections — a mortality rate of 23 percent.
The Red Cross warned last week that the outbreak of the haemorrhagic fever has yet to peak and could take up to a year to contain.
In some rare good news, the DRC authorities announced in early June that several Ebola patients had been treated and cured.
Responders to the epidemic, the 17th to hit the vast, unstable central African country, face towering challenges.
No approved vaccines or treatments exist for the Bundibugyo strain of the virus responsible for the latest outbreak to hit the DRC, which is one of the world’s poorest countries.
The three affected provinces in eastern DRC — Ituri, North Kivu and South Kivu — have been plagued for three decades by conflict and mass displacement, complicating the response.
The outbreak has spread to neighbouring Uganda, where containment measures have been effective.
Kampala has reported 20 confirmed cases nationwide, including two deaths since May 15. Most of those infected are Congolese nationals who have travelled to Uganda.
On Wednesday, France reported the outbreak’s first confirmed case of Ebola outside Africa — a Congolese doctor who was working in the DRC for the international medical aid NGO ALIMA.
The World Health Organization says there is minimal risk of the virus spreading in Europe and there is no need for travel restrictions.
Air France, on which the doctor flew back to France, has nevertheless suspended all flights to Kinshasa for several days.
– Ituri –
The vast majority of cases in the DRC have been detected in Ituri.
The mineral-rich province is plagued with unrest from a string of rival armed groups, and frequent population movements favour the spread of the disease.
More than 91 percent of all infections have been registered in the provincial capital, Bunia, and more than 82 percent of all deaths.
Efforts to contain the virus have been ratcheted up in Ituri.
But healthcare facilities -– which often operate with limited resources — still lack basic equipment and supplies, such as personal protective equipment and chlorine.
Many clinics set up by the WHO and aid agencies are close to full, the country’s public health agency said.
At least 78 healthcare workers have been infected with the virus, and 18 have died, it added.
Medical and aid workers also have to contend with deep mistrust from some local communities.
Some families have demanded that hospitals hand over the bodies of the deceased, not realising that touching the body puts them at risk of contamination.
The reluctance of some families to allow post-mortem examinations on the victims is also leading to an underestimation of the number of cases, officials said.
AFP
Health
DR Congo Ebola outbreak tops 1,000 cases, kills 254
More than 1,000 Ebola infections have been recorded in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the latest outbreak has killed more than 250 people, official figures showed Monday.
The country’s National Institute of Public Health (INSP) confirmed 1,003 cases and 254 deaths, with a fatality rate of 25 percent.
The latest outbreak of the deadly haemorrhagic fever was declared on May 15.
Almost all cases are in Ituri province in the northeast, a conflict-weary region plagued by armed groups.
In total, three provinces have been affected: Ituri, neighbouring North Kivu and South Kivu, home to around 15 million people.
The virus has also spread to neighbouring Uganda, where the World Health Organization has recorded 20 cases and two deaths, though Kampala said the situation was “under control” earlier this month.
The outbreak is caused by the rare Bundibugyo strain of the virus, for which there is no vaccine or specific treatment.
Existing Ebola vaccines, developed between 2018 and 2019, are only effective against the Zaire strain, which caused previous major outbreaks.
The World Health Organization has declared an international public health emergency, warning the outbreak could last months.
“The outbreak was declared around two months after the first suspected deaths were reported… During that time, the disease spread unchecked in ways we still don’t fully understand,” an international aid group representative told AFP, speaking anonymously.
AFP
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