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Internet connectivity and lessons from the undersea cable cuts
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By Sonny Aragba-Akpore
When a fall back option becomes an option, there are issues to contend with.
Nigerian Communications Satellite(NIGCOMSAT 1) was launched on May 13,2007 and deorbited on November 11,2008 as a result of Solar array power failure and confined to the graveyard.
The consequences of the failure resulted in many companies which derived their services from it suffered setbacks.
Some banks that had the misfortune of taking their decisions to connect to NIGCOMSAT became laughing stocks by their contemporary banks who were believed to be wiser to ignore the marketing powers of Timasaniyu Ahmed Rufai and his team.
The failure of NiGCOMSAT was seen as a result of the “Nigerian factor” especially when the pioneer communications satellite in Africa had no backup and seen as one risk too many.
That was its only sin because across the globe satellites fail sometimes on the launch day in the process of launching.
Satellites launches are generally laced with anxieties because anything could happen in a split of seconds.
But NIGCOMSAT 1 was in the orbit for 18 months before it had its challenges.
While many organizations licked their wounds and scampered for alternatives, Nigerian government began new moves to relaunch another satellite.
At the beginning of the deal with China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC),part of the agreement was that China through the China Exim Bank was going to fund the project and to be managed by the Chinese at the ground station in Xichang for two years before handing over to Nigeria.
Its ownership by Nigeria was strictly through counterpart funding for which Nigeria contributed $50m at that time, CGWIC paid $200m.
After all the bashings on the Nigerian Communications Satellite Limited and its management, a new satellite, NIGCOMSAT 1R was launched on December 19,2011.
But the excitement was no longer there and as the satellite with its 15-year lifespan begins its last journey, its owners and management have very little to celebrate.
And the crisis of the undersea cable cuts on Thursday March 14,2024 opened a new reality in internet connectivity and reopened the NIGCOMSAT story. The cuts took place around Cote D Ivoire and Senegalese axis.
Those millions of organizations who relied heavily on this almost foolproof technology of connectivity were jolted by the cuts as they experienced downtime that affected their businesses.
Banks and other corporate organizations that believed in the services from these undersea cables in Africa and especially in West Africa had their plans scuttled as they began to review all the options available for seamless communication access to run their networks of branches that depended solely on the undersea cables.
The danger of the cut was that the banks especially had no alternatives as the undersea cables had no back ups.
Telecommunications companies were also badly hit as they depended on the undersea cables to run their services including terrestrial and mobile phone communications.
Skeletal services for voice connections were available since the Mobile Switching Centres (MSCs) and base stations were still up.
Internet connectivity for corporate organizations and individuals were however badly disrupted and as the companies battle to redress the situation, full service restoration which were anticipated to take a while were said to have been restored as at Monday March 18,2024.
There are therefore lessons to be learnt.
Are undersea cables the answer to seamless communications or can we in all honesty completely disregard communication satellites simply because of the failure of one satellite and conclude that satellite is not it?
In the light of the crisis from the cable cuts it is fair to conclude that satellite communications is as good as undersea cables connectivity.
The only problem with NIGCOMSAT was that it had no back up.
It stands to reason that Undersea cables connectivity could be likened to one-way traffic. If they fail that is it as there are no backups too and downtime is severe and may last for days if not weeks.
But we must admit that Undersea cables are critical infrastructure for internet connectivity, carrying vast amounts of data traffic across continents. However, they are susceptible to damage, including accidental cuts, natural disasters, or technical malfunctions.
Disruptions to these cables can significantly impact businesses, government operations, and individual users.
This is not the first time a subsea cable will get damaged in the region. In 2023 alone ,two submarine cable systems, which also service the Nigerian market, suffered damage off the coast of West Africa.
According to agency reports, the West African Cable System (WACS) and the South Atlantic 3 (SAT-3) undersea cables suffered breaks between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon due to two separate rock falls in the Congo Canyon.
In 2020, WACS suffered cuts, slowing down Internet services in the country.
On its X handle, MTN Nigeria, one of the affected providers, apologised to its subscribers. “Our engineers are working to resolve these challenges as soon as possible…”
Recently, multiple fibre cuts shut out MTN Nigeria subscribers from making calls and browsing the Internet for several hours.
An official at MTN Nigeria, said, “Our customers have been experiencing challenges connecting to the network due to a major service outage caused by multiple fibre cuts, affecting voice and data services.”
Mainone ,an infrastructure company said in a statement on its website that it became necessary to declare a force majeure subsequent to testing of its cable system.
It said that data from the preliminary assessment of the cable system indicated some underwater activity was the likely cause of disruptions to the system.
It said that commercial contracts typically included such a force majeure clause which enabled service providers to suspend contractual obligations for the duration of such disruptions.
A force majeure is an unforeseeable circumstance that prevents someone from fulfilling a contract.
The unforeseen circumstances maybe natural disasters (fire, storms, floods), or governmental or societal actions (war, invasion, civil unrest, labour strikes), or infrastructure failures (transportation, energy).
“Live network data show a major disruption to Internet connectivity in and around West and Central Africa,” Internet monitoring firm NetBlocks said .
MyBroadband reports the downtime was caused by multiple outages on undersea cables near Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire.
The SAT-3/West Africa Cable System (WACS), the Africa Coast to Europe (ACE), and other cables were affected. The outage started around 12:30 on Thursday, March 14,2024.
“Multiple undersea cable failures between South Africa and Europe currently impacting South Africa’s network providers, including Vodacom,” a Vodacom spokesperson explained in a statement.
Doug Madory, director of Internet analysis at Kentik, indicated there were also issues with the MainOne subsea cable.
Microsoft is reporting network latency issues in its South Africa North and South Africa West locations.
“Starting at 10:30 UTC on Mar 14,2024, customers using Azure Services in South Africa North and South Africa West experienced increased network latency or packet drops when accessing their resources,” the company said.
“We have determined that multiple fiber cables on the West Coast of Africa — WACS, MainOne, SAT3, ACE — have been impacted which reduced total capacity supporting our Regions in South Africa,” Microsoft said in an update. “In addition to these cable impacts, the on-going cable cuts in the Red Sea — EIG, Seacom, AAE-1 — are also impacting capacity on the East Coast of Africa. This combination of incidents has impacted all Africa capacity – including other Cloud providers and public Internet as well.”
Interestingly, this is not the first time damage to undersea cables have caused internet disruptions, in 2020, MTN blamed undersea cables for Internet disruptions in West Africa.
In 2018, 10 West African countries were completely offline for 48 hours, due to damages to the African Coast to Europe (ACE) submarine cable.
MainOne’s 14,000 km submarine cable system also disrupted the Internet in 2017 across West Africa. This time, however, Internet troubles seem to go beyond Africa to some European countries, which could mean a more severe problem this time.
Telecommunications companies and banks in Nigeria were on that Thursday March 14,2024 hit by an internet outage as a result of damage to international undersea cables supplying them connectivity.
Industry regulator, Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC), explained that the damage affected major undersea cables near Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire causing downtime across West and South African countries.
Sensing the danger of not having a backup option, many organizations have had to take the satellite Communications routes .
Strong satellite companies offering services include SES S.A. established in 1985 and located in Betzdorf, Luxembourg.
Viasst Inc another company was established in 1986 and with headquarters in California, United States.
There are also Intelsat established in 1964 and believed to be the largest and located in Virginia, United States.
Tele sat based in Canada was established 1969.
There are also General Dynamics (1952)
in New York, United States and Gilat satellite network ,Echostar ,Inmarsat and Eutelsat among others.
News
FCTA Threatens Sanctions Against Hotels, Event Centres Hosting Illegal Groups
By Gloria Ikibah
The Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) has warned owners of hotels, event centres and other public facilities in Abuja against allowing their premises to be used by unlawful organisations, declaring that violators risk losing their land titles.
The warning was contained in a statement issued on Friday by Lere Olayinka, Senior Special Assistant on Public Communications and Social Media to the Minister of the FCT, Nyesom Wike.
According to the administration, land allocations within the FCT are meant strictly for lawful activities, stressing that authorities would no longer tolerate the use of public facilities for gatherings linked to illegal groups.
The statement read: “In view of the need to further ensure the security of lives and properties in the FCT and sustain the efforts of security agencies in this regard, usage of Event Centres, Hotels and other public buildings will now be closely monitored.
“This is aimed at ensuring that they are not used by illegal organizations for gatherings capable of disrupting the peace of the nation’s capital.”
The FCTA also directed owners and operators of such facilities to properly verify the identities and legitimacy of organisations seeking to rent their venues before approving bookings.
“Owners of these facilities are therefore urged to take cognizance of the legality of organizations seeking to use their facilities and the purpose before letting them out,” the statement added.
The administration further warned that political activities in the build-up to elections must only involve recognised party leadership approved by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).
“For instance, in this political season, owners of Event Centres and Hotels in particular must ensure that they only deal with Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) recognised leadership of political parties in respect of the use of their facilities, and proper records of transactions must be kept.
“Failure to comply with this directive will result to revocation of the title documents such properties,” the statement further read.
The FCTA maintained that failure to comply with the directive will attract severe consequences.
News
Ebola Alert! FG flags 21 states on lockdown watch, Lagos, FCT, Rivers, Akwa Ibom, Borno, others in high risk zones
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has placed several states on high Ebola preparedness alert after a fresh risk assessment classified Nigeria’s chances of importing the deadly disease as high amid regional outbreaks.
Dr Jide Idris, Director-General of the NCDC said this in a Thursday statement, stressing that Nigeria had not yet recorded any confirmed Ebola Virus Disease case linked to the outbreak.
He explained that the World Health Organization’s Public Health Emergency of International Concern declaration and increasing Ebola cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda required intensified surveillance and preparedness activities across Nigeria immediately.
Idris stated that the NCDC conducted a dynamic risk assessment to guide anticipatory and response measures, concluding that Nigeria faced a high Ebola importation risk because of international travel and regional population movement.
He added that uncertainty surrounding the outbreak’s magnitude and the possibility of delayed recognition were heightened because Ebola symptoms closely resembled common endemic diseases such as malaria and Lassa fever in Nigeria.
According to him, all states and the Federal Capital Territory must maintain Ebola preparedness, although readiness efforts should reflect varying importation and transmission risks identified through the NCDC’s recently developed preparedness classification system.
The agency categorised Lagos, the FCT, Rivers, Kano, Enugu, Borno, Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Taraba, and Adamawa as high-risk states because of international airports, porous borders, and active trade or travel routes.
Idris also identified Ogun, Nasarawa, Kaduna, Plateau, Kogi, Niger, Jigawa, Katsina, Bauchi, Ebonyi, Abia, and Bayelsa as moderate-risk states requiring sustained preparedness efforts against possible Ebola importation and transmission threats.
He said that the WHO declaration underscored the seriousness of the regional threat and highlighted the urgent need for Nigeria to strengthen preparedness measures before detecting any suspected Ebola case domestically.
The NCDC boss explained that national preparedness efforts aimed to ensure every state and the FCT could quickly detect, contain, and respond to suspected Ebola cases while protecting health workers and sustaining healthcare services.
Idris reiterated that Nigeria currently had no confirmed Ebola case linked to the outbreak but warned that increasing regional transmission significantly elevated the country’s importation risk because of population movement and extensive travel networks.
He explained that airports, seaports, porous land borders, informal crossings, trade routes, and overlapping Ebola symptoms with malaria and Lassa fever increased the likelihood of delayed recognition and possible disease spread nationally.
According to him, health authorities in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda had reported 1,077 suspected Ebola cases and 247 deaths, while people aged between 14 and 45 years remained most affected.
He said the outbreak’s case fatality rate stood at 24.6 percent, while both regional and national Ebola risks remained high because of continuing transmission and the absence of approved vaccines for the outbreak sstrain.l
Idris stressed that no approved vaccines or specific treatments currently existed for Bundibugyo Ebola virus disease, making rapid public health interventions critical for containing infections and preventing widespread transmission across vulnerable communities.
He explained that outbreak control depended largely on early detection, prompt isolation of suspected and confirmed cases, strict infection prevention measures, effective contact tracing, safe burials, community engagement, and strong surveillance systems nationwide.
The NCDC Director-General disclosed that suspected Ebola cases had also been reported in India, while Canada suspended travel applications from residents of the DRC, Uganda, and South Sudan because of the outbreak situation.
He added that Uganda recently announced border closure measures, while Nigeria faced significant implications because the current Bundibugyo Ebola virus outbreak lacked licensed vaccines or approved targeted therapeutics for treatment and prevention.
According to him, existing Ebola vaccines and monoclonal antibody treatments primarily targeted the Zaire ebolavirus strain and should not be relied upon as effective countermeasures against the current Bundibugyo outbreak affecting neighbouring ccountries.l
Idris clarified that Ebola Virus Disease was not airborne, explaining that transmission occurred through direct contact with blood, body fluids, contaminated materials, or infected animals associated with symptomatic or deceased infected persons.
He said the Ebola incubation period ranged from two to 21 days, making recent travel and exposure history within the preceding three weeks essential when assessing any suspected infection or potential outbreak case.
According to him, early Ebola symptoms often appeared non-specific and included fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rash, hiccups, unexplained bleeding, bruising, and signs of shock.
Idris warned health workers against waiting for bleeding before suspecting Ebola in patients presenting compatible symptoms alongside relevant travel or exposure histories connected to affected countries experiencing active transmission of the vvirus.l
He added that the absence of strain-specific vaccines and approved therapeutics for Bundibugyo Ebola virus disease made early, aggressive, and optimised supportive care especially important in improving patient survival and treatment outcomes significantly.
The NCDC boss explained that clinical management should include rapid assessment, fluid and electrolyte management, glucose monitoring, treatment of malaria or bacterial co-infections, symptom control, shock management, and humane care in isolation facilities.
He disclosed that the NCDC had activated its national Emergency Operations Centre, currently operating in alert mode while coordinating preparedness activities with relevant federal and state institutions across the country to strengthen response capacity.
According to him, state governments and Commissioners for Health must ensure immediate operational readiness across public and private health systems to effectively manage any suspected Ebola case and prevent possible widespread community transmission.
Idris emphasised that preparedness measures should prioritise early detection, immediate isolation, supportive care, infection prevention and control, safe sample handling, contact tracing readiness, referral systems, workforce protection, and adequate medical countermeasures nationwide.
He urged commissioners to provide leadership for coordinated Ebola readiness efforts across their respective states and the Federal Capital Territory, assuring them of continued technical guidance and national coordination support from the NCDC.
The Director-General also requested commissioners to activate state public health coordination structures for Ebola preparedness and conduct rapid risk assessments focusing on population movement, high-density settings, and facilities receiving suspected cases.
He further advised states to engage public and private healthcare providers to ensure early suspicion, safe separation of suspected cases, immediate reporting through approved channels, and identification of functional isolation or holding facilities.
Idris stressed the importance of strengthening facility readiness for screening, infection prevention, ambulance transfers, safe sample movement, decontamination, and waste management while ensuring frontline workers received adequate protection and psychosocial support during operations.
He also urged intensified traveller monitoring and surveillance in states with airports, seaports, transport hubs, land borders, and migrant corridors while encouraging calm public communication to discourage stigma and promote verified information sharing.
The NCDC boss directed states to maintain essential health services without disruption and submit readiness updates within seventy-two hours while immediately reporting suspected cases, high-risk exposures, unusual febrile clusters, or major preparedness gaps.
(Credit: NAN)
News
JUST IN: Trouble looming as North Central APC Group Wants Nat’l Chairman,Yilwada to Resign
Trouble seems to be looming as the North-Central Forum of the All Progressives Congress (APC) has called on the party’s National Chairman, Prof. Nentawe Yilwatda, to resign within two weeks over allegations of irregularities and monetization of the party’s recently concluded primary elections.
The group accused the Yilwatda-led National Working Committee (NWC) of mishandling the State Assembly, National Assembly, governorship and presidential primaries, claiming that the process was manipulated in favour of preferred aspirants.
In a statement issued on Friday by the Forum’s National Chairman, Alhaji Saleh Zazzaga, the group alleged that results were altered to favour candidates loyal to party officials, while some aspirants who appeared likely to win were screened out of the contests.
According to the Forum, concerns had earlier been raised during the primaries over what it described as the “commercialization” of the exercise. It added that more than half of APC members were dissatisfied with the conduct of the elections.
The group insisted that members of the NWC should be held accountable for allegedly violating the party’s constitution and guidelines.
“We are issuing a two-week ultimatum to the national chairman to resign because of incompetence, violation of the party’s constitution, monetization of the just concluded party primaries and changing the results when it favoured those perceived as not in his camp,” the statement said.
The Forum further alleged that party officials manipulated outcomes of the primaries across the country using their positions within the party structure.
As part of its claims, the group pointed to controversies surrounding the APC presidential primary election results announced by the Chairman of the Presidential Primary Election Committee, former Senate President Pius Anyim.
Anyim had declared President Bola Tinubu winner of the presidential primary with 10,999,162 votes, while his challenger, Stanley Osifo, secured 16,503 votes.
However, the figures have since generated public debate following allegations that the numbers were inflated.
The North-Central APC Forum argued that the results did not correspond with the party’s official membership data.
“The party has eight million registered voters but when they released the result of Mr President in the presidential primary they wrote more than 10 million votes,” the statement said.
“The guidelines stated that only those that are registered are going to vote. So this means that, all over the country, what they did was selection of candidates, not election.”
The Forum also lamented that the controversies surrounding the primaries had weakened the ruling party, leading to defections by aggrieved members.
It cited the resignation of former Deputy Senate President Ovie Omo-Agege from the APC after losing the Delta Central senatorial primary. Omo-Agege has since joined the Nigeria Democratic Congress (NDC), where he was reportedly granted a waiver to contest the election.
The group also referenced the defection of Mustapha Bala Dawaki, a former Chief of Staff to the APC national chairman, who left the party after losing the Dawakin Kudu/Warawa Constituency return ticket in Kano State.
According to the Forum, Dawaki’s resignation further highlighted growing dissatisfaction within the party ranks.
The Forum warned that it would institute legal action against Yilwatda if he failed to resign before June 12, Nigeria’s Democracy Day.
“It is because of these infractions that we are asking the national chairman to resign before two weeks, or we will sue him to court,” the statement added.
The group also faulted the party leadership for allegedly deploying inexperienced officials to supervise the primaries in several states, which it said contributed to the crisis currently rocking the APC.
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