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Cash outside banks hits N4.3tn, CBN warns on scarcity

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Nigeria continues to face cash scarcity despite a significant year-on-year increase of N1.59 trillion in the amount of currency held outside banks.

Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s money and credit statistics shows that a substantial proportion of currency in circulation remains outside the banking system, with more than 90 per cent consistently held outside formal financial institutions in 2024.

The data revealed that currency outside banks surged to N4.29tn in October 2024, accounting for 94.3 per cent of the total currency in circulation of N4.55tn.

This represents a significant year-on-year growth of 59 per cent or N1.59tn from N2.70tn in October 2023, when 89.6 per cent of the total currency was outside banks.

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On a month-on-month basis, the amount held outside banks increased by 6.8 per cent or N270bn, compared to the N4.02tn recorded in September 2024.

In September 2024, currency outside banks stood at N4.02tn, representing 93.1 per cent of the total currency in circulation of N4.31tn.

This marked a year-on-year increase of 66.3 per cent compared to N2.42tn in September 2023, when 87.5 per cent of the total was outside banks. The month-on-month increase was 3.8 per cent.

In August 2024, currency outside banks rose to N3.87tn, which accounted for 93.3 per cent of the total currency in circulation of N4.14tn.

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This represented a year-on-year increase of 73.9 per cent compared to N2.22tn in August 2023, when 83.6 per cent of the total currency was outside banks.

The trend continued in July 2024 with N3.67tn held outside banks, representing 90.5 per cent of the total currency in circulation of N4.05tn.

Despite efforts to promote cashless transactions, the data shows that Nigerians remain deeply reliant on cash, which could hinder the country’s push for modernised financial systems.

The President, Association of Senior Staff of Banks, Insurance, and Financial Institutions, Olusoji Oluwole, attributed the worsening cash shortage across the country to the CBN’s inability to meet the cash demands of commercial banks.’

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CBN to fine banks

Meanwhile, the CBN on Friday announced a fine of N150m per branch on Deposit Money Banks found guilty of facilitating the illegal flow of mint naira notes to currency hawkers and unscrupulous agents.

Saturday PUNCH had reported the surge in the hawking of naira notes at exorbitant charges in different parts of the country, as Nigerians continue to struggle with limited access to cash in banking halls despite threats by the CBN.

The apex bank disclosed this in a circular issued on Friday, December 13, 2024 and signed by the acting Director of the Currency Operations Department, Mohammed Olayemi.

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The circular revealed that the CBN was concerned about the increasing prevalence of mint naira notes being traded by hawkers, a practice the bank described as impeding efficient and effective cash distribution to customers and the general public.

The circular, which referred to an earlier directive dated November 13, 2024, highlighted the apex bank’s determination to address the commodification of the naira.

Under the directive, any branch of a financial institution found culpable will face a penalty of N150m for the first violation.

Subsequent infractions, the CBN warned, would attract stricter sanctions under the provisions of the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act 2020.

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To ensure compliance, the apex bank stated that it would increase periodic spot checks in banking halls and ATMs while deploying mystery shoppers to uncover illicit cash hawking spots across the country.

The circular read, “CBN will continue to intensify the periodic spot checks to the banking halls/ATMs to review cash payouts to banks’ customers, as well as mystery shopping to all identified cash hawking spots across the country.

“In this regard, erring deposit money banks or financial institutions that are culpable of facilitating, aiding, or abetting, by direct actions or inactions, the illicit flow of mint banknotes to currency hawkers and unscrupulous economic agents that commodify naira banknotes shall be penalised at first instance N150,000,000.00 (one hundred and fifty million naira) only, per erring branch, and at later instances, apply the full weight of relevant provisions of BOFIA 2020.”

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Just in: EFCC Nabs Tinubu’s Aide Over Alleged N500Bn Fraud

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Operatives of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) have nabbed Mustapha Abdullahi, the director-general of the Energy Commission of Nigeria, over alleged money laundering offences involving more than N500 billion.

TheCable understands that Abdullahi was arrested in Abuja on Wednesday and is currently being held in the custody of the anti-graft agency for further investigation.

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NDLEA intercepts N10.4 billion Canadian Loud at Lagos Port(Photos)

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. We’ll continue to work with local and international partners until illicit drug supply chain is fully broken in Nigeria, Marwa assures

Operatives of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) have intercepted a large consignment of Canadian Loud, a high-potency strain of cannabis, weighing 4,173.5 kilograms with a street value of Ten Billion Four Hundred and Thirty-Three Million Seven Hundred and Fifty Thousand Naira (N10, 433, 750,000.00) only at the Tincan Island Port in Lagos.

The successful interdiction of the illicit drug consignment followed painstaking intelligence gathering, sustained surveillance, and trailing of the container, which was transloaded a number of times since it left Toronto, Canada on 28th March, conveyed through rails to Montreal, where it was loaded on board a vessel, Jakarta express voyage, which arrived Tanger Med Port in Morocco on 15th April, discharged and reloaded on another vessel, Osaka voyage, which eventually arrived the Lagos Port on Saturday 9th May 2026.

The over two months of monitoring the shipment by the Marine Intelligence Unit of NDLEA and the Tincan Island Strategic Command of the Agency, working in close collaboration with international partners particularly the United Kingdom Home Office International Operations, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, culminated in the eventual seizure of the consignment on Tuesday 12th May during a joint examination of the container by NDLEA operatives, men of Customs Service and other security agencies.

The development comes barely four days after NDLEA operatives raided a Lekki mansion used as stash house where 4,000 parcels of same psychoactive substance weighing 2,326 kilograms worth over Five Billion Eight Hundred and Fifteen Million Naira (N5,815,000,000.00) were recovered.

The illicit drug consignments from Canada were professionally packed and concealed inside two vehicles: a used Ford Bus and a Mercedes Benz C300 car, stashed within the shipping container. Speaking during the handover of the exhibits by the NCS at the Port in Lagos on Wednesday 13th May, the NDLEA’s Director of Seaports Operations, ACG Ibinabo ArchieAbia said the “achievement once again demonstrates the effectiveness of inter-agency cooperation, international collaboration, and intelligence-driven operations in combating transnational organized crime and illicit drug trafficking.”

Reacting to the development, the Chairman/Chief Executive Officer of NDLEA, Brig. Gen. Mohamed Buba Marwa (Rtd), commended the officers of the Tincan Command and the MIU of the Agency for their vigilance and professional conduct, noting that the volume of recent Loud seizures highlights a coordinated attempt by international drug syndicates to flood the Nigerian market with synthetic strains of cannabis.

“This second massive seizure in less than a week is a clear message to the international syndicates who think they can use our ports as entry points for their soul-destroying trade, that the synergy between NDLEA and Customs Service as well as other security agencies and our international partners like the Canadian Royal Mounted Police, the UK-HOIO and the US DEA is yielding fantastic results. We will not rest until every link in this supply chain is broken and those behind these shipments are brought to justice”, Marwa stated.

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Prominent Analyst Calls for Immediate Halt to Amukpe–Escravos Pipeline Sale Process

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A prominent public affairs analyst, Prof. Okey Ikechukwu, has called for the immediate suspension and possible termination of all processes related to the proposed sale of a 40 per cent stake in the Amukpe–Escravos Pipeline, warning that proceeding under the current terms would amount to a “giveaway” of a strategic national asset.

Ikechukwu, Executive Director of the Development Specs Academy, made the remarks during an interview on Tuesday on Arise News, where he questioned the pricing, procedure, and transparency surrounding the transaction.

According to him, Nigeria is not in such financial distress as to justify disposing of a critical infrastructure asset at what he described as a “giveaway price.”

“If that is allowed to happen, it means there is no governance,” he said. “It means that people can exercise arbitrary discretion. It means that processes can be routinely violated.”

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His intervention comes amid mounting controversy over the valuation of the pipeline asset. Independent assessments conducted in 2025 reportedly valued the 40 per cent stake at between $544 million and $641 million, more than double the $243 million offer associated with a transaction that collapsed in October 2024.

Ikechukwu argued that any attempt to revive or proceed with the sale on the basis of disputed or outdated valuation benchmarks would undermine due process and public confidence.

“We are not under any desperate need to sell it at a giveaway price, and that’s what appears to be happening here,” he said. “If that is allowed to happen, then it means there is no governance.”

Describing the pipeline as a “performing national asset,” the analyst noted that the facility reportedly maintains operational uptime levels of as high as 95 per cent.

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“If you must sell a performing national asset, it must be sold at the right value,” he stated.

To illustrate his concerns, Ikechukwu compared the situation to a failed private land transaction later revived at an outdated price, arguing that such a practice would be unacceptable in any credible commercial environment.

He further warned that proceeding without an updated valuation process could damage investor confidence and weaken perceptions of regulatory integrity.

“But beyond all of that, where will investor confidence be?” he asked. “If you are a lender, how do you feel in this kind of environment? It might even be interpreted as sabotage.”

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Beyond the question of pricing, Ikechukwu said the larger issue at stake was institutional credibility and adherence to due process.

“If that is allowed to happen, it means there is no governance,” he reiterated. “It means that people can exercise arbitrary discretion. It means that processes can be routinely violated.”

The development expert consequently called for an immediate halt to all ongoing steps connected to the proposed transaction.

“All processes leading up to the presumed attempt to sell it now should be stopped,” he said. “Quite frankly, terminated. An independent evaluation should take place so that we know the current value of what is on the table and ensure that the country does not lose money in the process.”

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