Economy
Exchange rate appreciates by N63 to seven-month high
Nigeria’s exchange rate appreciated significantly in January 2025, gaining N63.72 against the dollar to close at N1,474.78 per dollar on January 31 at the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market.
According to data from the FMDQ Securities Exchange Limited and the Central Bank of Nigeria, this increase of 4.14 per cent pushes the local currency to the highest level it has reached in seven months, with the last time the currency traded at a similar rate being June 11, 2024, when it stood at N1,473.88/$ in the official market.
The sharp increase has been attributed to policies implemented by the CBN, which have influenced market dynamics and contributed to the currency’s strengthening.
Authorised currency dealers quoted the dollar as high as N1,495.01/$ and as low as N1,447.50/$ at the NFEM.
The naira opened the year at N1,538.50/$ on January 2, 2025, and steadily gained value throughout the month.
By January 3, it had dipped slightly to N1,535.00 before fluctuating within a range that saw it hit N1,560/$ on January 16, marking its highest point for the month.
However, the currency embarked on a more sustained appreciation from the third week of January, closing at N1,531/$ on January 24 and further strengthening to N1,520/$ on January 28.
It continued its climb, settling at N1,506/$ on January 29 and N1,493/$ on January 30 before reaching N1,474.78/$ on the last trading day of the month of January.
The naira also appreciated against the US dollar in the parallel market on Friday, closing at N1,610/$, compared to N1,630/$ recorded on Thursday, representing a N20 increase within a day.
This latest movement reflects the impact of recent monetary and foreign exchange measures introduced by the CBN to stabilise the currency and improve market confidence.
The introduction of the Electronic Foreign Exchange Matching System in December 2024 has played a significant role in this development.
The platform, which operates through Bloomberg’s BMatch system, allows authorised dealers to place anonymous orders into a central limit order book, ensuring transparency and efficient price discovery in the foreign exchange market.
This system has helped reduce market distortions and provided the CBN with enhanced oversight capabilities, making it easier to manage fluctuations in the exchange rate.
Another crucial factor influencing the naira’s recent appreciation is the introduction of the Nigeria Foreign Exchange Code, launched on January 28, 2025.
“The FX Code marks a new era of compliance and accountability. It is not just a set of recommendations; this is an enforceable framework. Under CBN Act 2007 and BOFIA Act 2020, violations will be met with penalties and administrative actions,” CBN Governor Olayemi Cardoso said during the launch of the FX Code.
The FX Code establishes principles for ethical conduct, governance, execution, information sharing, risk management, and settlement processes among market participants.
By aligning Nigeria’s foreign exchange operations with global best practices, the initiative has strengthened investor confidence and contributed to the recent improvements in the currency’s performance.
At the end of 2024, the naira stood at N1,535.00 per dollar on December 31, reflecting the challenges that had persisted in the forex market.
However, the policy interventions introduced by the apex bank in early 2025 have helped stabilise the market, allowing the currency to make significant gains over the past month.
The improved transparency in the foreign exchange system has reduced speculative activities, ensuring that exchange rates better reflect actual market conditions.
However, while the local currency is improving, Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves experienced a significant decline in January 2025, dropping by $1.11bn over the course of the month.
According to data from the CBN, the country’s reserves stood at $40.88bn on January 2, but by January 30, they had fallen to $39.77bn.
This represents a 2.72 per cent decrease within the one month.
The decline in reserves follows ongoing interventions by the CBN in the foreign exchange market, as well as external debt servicing obligations and capital outflows.
While the naira appreciated significantly within the same month, the reduction in reserves seems to suggest that the CBN may have deployed part of its FX stockpile to stabilise the local currency and manage liquidity in the official market.
At the start of January, reserves remained above the $40bn mark, recording $40.88bn on January 2 and fluctuating within that range for the first half of the month.
By January 10, reserves stood at $40.75bn, and they peaked at $40.96bn on January 6 before beginning a gradual decline.
By mid-month, reserves had dropped to $40.42bn on January 15, further sliding to $40.05bn by January 22.
The steepest declines occurred in the last week of January when reserves fell below $40bn for the first time in months, hitting $39.99bn on January 23 and $39.77bn by January 30.
With the FX reserves at a three-month low, the consistent drawdown indicates heightened FX demand and possible interventions by the monetary authorities to maintain exchange rate stability.
The current decline is similar to the significant drop recorded in April 2024, when reserves plunged by $2.16bn within 29 days.
At the time, Cardoso attributed the decline to debt servicing and other financial obligations rather than interventions to stabilise the naira.
The Nigerian naira depreciated slightly against the United States (US) dollar, trading at N1,343.6398 per dollar at the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) official foreign exchange window on Friday, 17th April, 2026.
According to the data on the CBN’s official platform, the naira traded at the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM) rate of N1,343.6398/$per dollar and closed at N1,342.5000 per dollar.
When compared with the previous trading rate, the Nigerian currency traded at N1342.3037 on 16th April, 2026. With this, the Nigerian currency depreciated slightly by a minimum of N1.3.
At the parallel market, the naira-to-dollar exchange rate for the buying rate didn’t change while the selling rate increased by N3 when compared to that of the previous trading rate.
According to Aboki FX , the Naira-to-dollar exchange rate at the black market on Friday, 17th April, 2026, was N1,395 and N1,405 per dollar for buying and selling rate respectively.
The Central Bank of Nigeria on Friday unveiled the Nigerian Overnight Financing Rate (NOFR) as a new benchmark for the country’s money market, a move aimed at boosting transparency and improving the effectiveness of monetary policy.
The announcement was made in a statement by the bank’s Acting Director of Corporate Communications, Hakama Sidi-Ali, who noted that the initiative was developed in partnership with the Financial Markets Dealers Association to strengthen Nigeria’s financial system.
According to the apex bank, the new benchmark is designed to bring Nigeria in line with global standards for short-term interest rates, while enhancing price discovery and ensuring more consistent pricing across money market instruments.
The CBN explained that NOFR is expected to improve monetary policy transmission, encourage financial innovation, and boost investor confidence, while also reinforcing risk management practices within the financial system.
With the introduction of NOFR, Nigeria joins other economies that use similar benchmarks, such as SOFR in the United States, SONIA in the United Kingdom, €STR in the Eurozone, TONA in Japan, and JIBAR in South Africa.
The bank disclosed that the rate followed a stakeholder engagement held on February 27, 2026, where market participants adopted the framework before receiving regulatory approval. NOFR is now operational, with the CBN serving as its administrator and responsible for ensuring transparency, governance, and regular publication.
Further details provided in an FAQ document show that NOFR is a risk-free benchmark reflecting the cost of overnight secured lending in the interbank market. Unlike estimates, it is based strictly on actual transactions, improving accuracy and credibility.
The rate is published daily at 10:00 a.m. on the next business day and applies only to naira-denominated overnight secured interbank transactions that meet specified criteria. It is calculated using a volume-weighted trimmed mean approach to remove outliers and ensure reliability.
Where there is insufficient transaction data, the previous day’s rate will be retained and clearly disclosed to maintain consistency.
The CBN clarified that NOFR is not a replacement for key monetary policy tools such as the Monetary Policy Rate but will serve as a reference for pricing financial instruments, contracts, and some corporate loans.
For investors, the benchmark is expected to improve valuation, pricing, and risk management of naira assets, thereby deepening activity in the domestic money market.
While retail customers may not see immediate changes in loan or savings rates, the bank noted that increased transparency from the new system should strengthen overall confidence in Nigeria’s financial sector.
On governance, the CBN stated that any adjustments to the rate would only occur in cases of significant errors and would be fully disclosed, adding that the methodology will be reviewed at least once a year to keep it aligned with market realities.
The Nigerian equities market sustained its bullish momentum on Thursday, delivering a fresh massive gains of N1.663 trillion to investors as market capitalization surged beyond the N136 trillion mark.
At the close of trading, total market value rose by 1.23 percent to N136.435 trillion, up from N134.772 trillion recorded at the start of the session.
In the same vein, the All-Share Index (ASI) advanced by 2,583.61 points, representing a 1.23 percent increase, to settle at 211,901.02, compared to 209,317.41 in the previous trading day.
The market’s Year-To-Date (YTD) return strengthened further to 36.17 percent, while sentiment remained positive as 45 stocks posted gains against 20 decliners.
Leading the gainers’ table were Trans-Nationwide Express and Guinea Insurance, both appreciating by 10 per cent to close at N5.50 and N1.21 per share, respectively. Aradel rose by 9.99 percent to N1,547.50; Ecobank Transnational gained 9.97 percent to close at N61.20, while Daar Communications climbed 9.93 percent to N1.66 per share.
On the losers’ side, Ikeja Hotel topped the chart with a 9.73 per cent decline to N33.40. WAPIC followed with an 8.77 per cent drop to N2.60, while CAP shed 8.61 per cent to close at N95 per share. International Energy Insurance and McNichols also recorded losses of 8.18 per cent and 5.82 per cent, respectively.
Trading activity, however, slowed during the session. Total volume traded declined by 17.19 percent to 584.96 million shares valued at N34.76 billion across 45,559 deals.
Zenith Bank emerged as the most actively traded stock, accounting for 61.74 million shares worth N7.60 billion, representing 10.55 per cent and 21.86 per cent of total volume and value, respectively.
The latest performance extends the market’s winning streak to four consecutive sessions, following a strong N2.28 trillion gain recorded on Wednesday.
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