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The Ethics of Bowing Before a Court of Law in Session
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By
Shadrach Ogheneovo OSIAJE Esq.
Legal Practitioner based in Abuja, FCT
Bowing before a court of law is a long-standing tradition in many legal systems, including Nigeria’s. While it may appear to the layperson as mere ritual, the practice carries deeper ethical, professional, and symbolic significance within the legal profession.
Section 12(4) of the Legal Practitioners Act, Cap L11, LFN 2004; Rules 30 and Rule 31 of the Rules of Professional Conduct 2007 are very instructive in this discourse.
Rule 31(1) RPC 2007:
“A lawyer shall always treat the court with respect, dignity and honour.”
Rule 31(3) RPC 2007:
“Where the lawyer has a proper ground for complaint against a judicial officer, he shall make his complaint to the appropriate authorities.”
Rule 30 RPC 2007:
“A lawyer shall not do any act or conduct himself in any manner that may obstruct, delay or adversely affect the smooth administration of justice.”
1. Respect for the Institution, Not the Individual
When a lawyer, litigant, or officer of the court bows upon entering or exiting a courtroom, the gesture is not directed at the judge as a person. Rather, it symbolizes respect for the institution of justice and the authority of the law. The court embodies the majesty of the law and the sovereignty of the state; bowing is recognition of this collective authority.
2. Professional Ethics and Courtesy
The Rules of Professional Conduct for Legal Practitioners in Nigeria emphasize the duty of lawyers to maintain respect toward the court. Bowing serves as a visible expression of this respect. It promotes civility, order, and mutual courtesy – qualities essential for the proper administration of justice. A lawyer who refuses to observe such etiquette may be perceived as discourteous or even contemptuous, potentially undermining both professional reputation and courtroom decorum.
3. A Symbol of Humility Before Justice
At its ethical core, bowing reflects humility before the ideal of justice. No one – lawyer, litigant, or judgeis above the law. The simple act of bowing communicates submission to the higher ideals of fairness, truth, and impartiality that the court is meant to uphold.
4. Separation From Religious or Cultural Practices
Some may question whether bowing has spiritual or religious connotations. In legal ethics, however, bowing is entirely secular. It does not signify worship or allegiance to a human being but is instead a conventional gesture of respect within the legal environment. Courts have consistently maintained that it is a professional courtesy, devoid of spiritual or cultural compulsion. Bowing does not equate the court with your object of worship. This point is necessary as some feel that bowing is only meant for their object of worship.
5. Ethical Implications of Non-Compliance
Refusing to bow in court may be interpreted as disrespect for the judicial process. While individuals retain freedom of conscience and belief, lawyers especially are bound by professional standards that require them to uphold the dignity of the court. Thus, the ethical balance lies in recognizing bowing not as a matter of personal preference but as a professional duty connected to the larger value of respect for the rule of law.
Conclusion
The ethics of bowing before a court of law rest on respect, humility, and recognition of the supremacy of justice. It is a practice that sustains courtroom decorum, reinforces the majesty of the law, and reminds all participants that justice transcends individual interests. Far from being a hollow ritual, bowing remains an ethical cornerstone of courtroom practice, reminding lawyers and litigants alike that they stand not before an individual, but before the law itself.
Next time you step into the courtroom on session, please remember to bow in the direction of the judge who is the symbol of the authority of the institution at that point in time. The judge is expected to nod his head in response if he is less engaged otherwise; there is no issue even where the judge fails to respond, as the judge cannot respond to every bow. Remember, your bow is for the authority itself.
News
ADC Faction Adopts Dumebi Kachikwu As Sole Presidential Candidate For 2027
A faction of the African Democratic Congress (ADC) led by the party’s 2023 presidential candidate, Dumebi Kachikwu, has formally adopted him as its sole presidential candidate for the 2027 general elections.
Kachikwu’s adoption was announced on Sunday during the faction’s national convention held at A-Class Event Centre in Abuja, where delegates also elected new members of the party’s National Working Committee (NWC).
Chairman of the Electoral Committee and Benue State ADC chairman, Elias Adikwu, declared that delegates unanimously endorsed Kachikwu as the party’s sole candidate ahead of the next presidential election.
The newly elected National Chairman of the faction, Abdulkadir Mohammed Bashir, later presented the party’s flag to Kachikwu, describing him as the candidate entrusted with the responsibility of leading the party into the 2027 polls.
The convention also produced a new NWC for the faction, with several party officials emerging from different geopolitical zones.
Among those elected were Board of Trustees Chairman, Kingsley Oggah; Deputy National Chairman, Johnny Tovie Derek; National Secretary, Kennedy O. Odion; National Treasurer, Joe Aroh; National Financial Secretary, Amirigoye; National Legal Adviser, Chris Ugwu; National Organising Secretary, Elias Adikwu; and National Chief Whip, Patrick Ambut.
However, the latest development comes amid an escalating battle for control of the ADC following the emergence of another faction led by former Senate President David Mark.
Meanwhile, the Mark-led faction held its own national convention in Abuja on April 14, 2026, where delegates reportedly amended the party’s constitution and elected Mark as the substantive National Chairman of the ADC.
The convention, which attracted over 1,000 delegates, was attended by several high-profile opposition figures, including former Vice President Atiku Abubakar, as part of an emerging coalition seeking to challenge the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC) in the 2027 elections.
The camp had also expelled factional chairman Nafiu Bala, alongside Rep. Leke Abejide and other members over alleged anti-party activities and court actions linked to the party’s internal crisis.
Sunday’s convention by the Kachikwu faction is expected to intensify the struggle for legitimacy within the ADC as both camps continue to lay claim to the leadership structure of the party ahead of the 2027 elections.
News
2027: Lamido’s son picks PDP gov’ship ticket in Jigawa
The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), has declared Alhaji Mustafa Sule-Lamido, son of former Jigawa governor, winner of the party’s ticket to contest the governorship seat in 2027.
Mr Isa Ahmed, the Returning Officer for the primary election held in Dutse, while affirming Sule-Lamido as the sole candidate on Sunday, said that his emergence had complied with the party’s constitution and guidelines.
Sule-Lamido, who was also the party’s governorship flagbearer in 2023, thanked the leadership of the party for the peaceful conduct of primaries across the state.
He congratulated other candidates of the PDP across the state, and pledged to promote unity in the fold.
He listed economic growth, youth empowerment, education, healthcare, social revival and institutional reform as priority areas, if elected.
“This moment is not new to me. In 2023, you entrusted me with this same irresponsibility and together we ran a campaign rooted in unity, hope, reform and promise of a better Jigawa.
“Though we did not secure victory then, we earned the confidence of hundreds of thousands of our people and laid a strong foundation.
“We are back in the race today because the problems and challenges bedeviling our dear state are still with us,” he said.
Sule-Lamido identified unprecedented hardship, bad governance and insensitive leadership as some of the challenges bedeviling the north-western state.
“We are not here to lament. We are here to fix the problems,” he declared.
He decried the declining standard of education in Jigawa, and regretted that expectations of the citizens had not been met by government.
He promised to rebuild Jigawa into a state that works for all, where leadership is accountable and resources managed responsibly.
“We also intend to build a state where opportunities are accessible to every citizen,” he said.
He called on members of the party to unite and woo voters to ensure success in 2027.
“To the people of Jigawa, I hear you, I see you and I feel your pains; give me the opportunity to serve you,” Sule-Lamido said.
News
Nigerian school girls shine in international AI award
Ado Girls Secondary School, Onitsha, Anambra State, has received international recognition after winning the Outstanding Organization Award at the global AI Youth Competition, presented by the International AI Youth Education Society (AIYES).
This milestone comes as part of the Digital Access Program implemented by TechQuest STEM Academy in partnership with Cummins Inc., which is currently equipping 750 students and 10 teachers with foundational and emerging digital skills.
The award recognizes the school’s outstanding achievement in the competition held between December 2025 and February 2026, highlighting the rapid progress of students just two months into the programme.
This achievement underscores the transformative impact of early access to structured digital and AI education, particularly for young girls in public secondary schools.
Speaking on the milestone, the Head of Service, Anambra State, Barr. Ngozi Anuli Iwouno stated: “It is particularly gratifying to note that your school, under the TechQuest Digital Access Programme (TQDAP), funded by the Cummins Foundation Inc., competed creditably alongside student. teams from advanced countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, China, and Russia, and distinguished itself with multiple international recognitions”
Also commenting, Corporate Responsibility Leader, Africa and the Middle East, Cummins Inc. Ify Alex Anene, said the organization is committed to giving back to its host communities.: “At Cummins, we are committed to powering a positive difference in the communities where our employees work and live. The achievements of the students at Ado Girls Secondary School are a powerful reflection of what can happen when young girls are given access to the right tools, mentorship and opportunities to thrive in the digital age,” Anene said.
Co-Founder of TechQuest STEM Academy, Charles Emembolu, said the victory of the students at the global stage is signal to what is achievable when the right infrastructure is provided.
“This is not just a win for Ado Girls. It is a signal of what is possible at scale. When we provide the right infrastructure, curriculum and support, our young people can deliver outcomes that meet global standards. Our focus now is to expand this model across more schools,” he said.
The award, originally presented virtually, was brought to life through an in-person celebration at the school’s Career Fair Day, where students showcased their achievements alongside school leadership, representatives from Cummins, and the TechQuest team.
Beyond recognition, the Digital Access Program is designed to deliver-long term impact by strengthening teacher capacity, embedding digital skills into the school ecosystem, and creating pathways into advanced learning, innovation, and global opportunities.
The initiative reflects a shared commitment to bridging the digital divide, advancing gender inclusion, and building a future ready workforce.
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