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WHITHER BUHARI IN THE NIGER – ECOWAS – NIGERIA IMPASSE?

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By Tunde Olusunle

Nigeria’s northern geopolitical neighbour, Niger Republic, was effectively an annex of our country under the rulership of the immediate past President, Muhammadu Buhari. At every given opportunity, Buhari never failed to advertise the consanguineal connectivities between him as an individual, and Niger Republic, and indeed between his traditional sociocultural origins in Daura in Katsina State, and Maradi prefecture in Niger Republic. He confirmed he had cousins across the Nigerian border and even threatened to relocate to Niger if he suffered any discomfiture from Nigerians, as he disembarked from office in 2023. Buhari and his Nigerien counterpart who shares a slightly moderated first name with him, Mahamadou Issoufou, both signed an agreement in July 2018, for Nigeria to extend oil pipelines to Niger, and to build a refinery in that country, at the cost of $2Billion, fully bankrolled by Nigeria.

Under Buhari, a 286-kilometre long rail line to connect Nigeria and Niger, was approved by Buhari’s federal executive council, (FEC), in September 2020. The Kano- Katsina- Jibiya- Maradi rail link is costing Nigeria a staggering sum of $1.959 Billion. Buhari’s successor, Bola Tinubu inherited the project which was 35 per cent completed in 2023, and is proceeding with its completion. It should be ready before the end of 2026. The June 2021 edition of a publication which goes by the name *The Africa Report,* indeed asked a rhetorical question, occasioned by Buhari’s obsession with Niger, and Nigeria’s glaring economically lopsided investments in the desert nation. The document inquired: “What is it about Buhari’s passion for his northern neighbour, the Republic of Niger? Is it economic or commercial logic, altruism or just family and ethnic ties?” Buhari’s spokesman, Femi Adesina in a February 10, 2021 edition of *Arise News* proffered that: “Jibiya and Maradi constitute a significant trading core between Nigeria and Niger Republic dating back many centuries. This vital infrastructure will establish an end-to-end logistic in railway transport services before northern and southern sections of the country, reaching Nigeria’s southern ports of Lagos and Warri.”

Added to these prodigal investments in a virtual wasteland was Buhari’s procurement of sports utility vehicles, (SUVs) valued at *$2.7million* for senior government officials in the employ of Niger Republic, in August 2021. Buhari during his years as helmsman, practically developed Niger with Nigeria’s commonwealth at a time Nigerians were suffering, and are still groaning from the buffeting spinoffs of multisectoral lack, deprivation, hunger, insecurity and despair, precipitated by his leadership. Ochereome Nnana, respected columnist with Nigeria’s *Vanguard* newspaper, provided insights into Buhari’s consangiunity with Niger Republic in the November 25, 2020 edition of his column. His words: “Buhari is a first generation Nigerian whose father, Ardo Adamu Buhari, a dock seller, migrated from Niger and settled in Nigeria. He married Zulaihat, a Nigerian woman who bore Muhammadu Buhari for him.”

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Establishing this foundation is imperative for our investigation of the subsisting diplomatic fissions between Niger Republic and the Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS), on one hand. There is also the estrangement of Niger, with Nigeria which President, Bola Tinubu, doubles as ECOWAS Chairman, in another breadth. Tinubu’s leadership of the regional grouping was renewed for a second term, at a meeting of leaders of member countries last December. The Niger Republic/ECOWAS/Nigeria stalemate which began in 2023, has stretched into a second year. Specifically on July 26, 2023, the commander of the presidential guard in Niger, Abdourahamane Tchiani, arrested and detained the incumbent democratically elected President, Mahamadou Bazoum. Tchiani proclaimed himself the new leader of a new military adventurers in that country. The coupists suspended the country’s Constitution and refused entreaties to reinstate the ousted President. Nigeria’s President, Tinubu was barely two months in office at the time, and had just assumed the leadership of ECOWAS, shortly before eruption of the Nigerien crisis. He threatened that Nigeria may consider leading an ECOWAS force to dislodge the mutineers if they didn’t restore Niger Republic’s Constitution and President Bazoum.

Tinubu despatched President Patrice Talon of Benin Republic to Niamey to mediate in the governance crisis in the brother West African country. A wholly Nigerian delegation led by Nigeria’s former military Head of State, Abdulsalami Abubakar, was also emplaced by Tinubu on the same impasse. This bouquet of diplomatic engagements, however, yielded no tangible results. Rather, Tchiani and his colleagues dug in. They were emboldened by precedents in Burkina Faso, Guinea and Mali, where the military establishment had upset the apple cart of popular governance in the west coast and formed new alliances with Russia, as counterpoint to their erstwhile colonisers, France. Alongside Burkina Faso and Mali, Niger has since exited ECOWAS and formed a three-nation mutual defence partnership which they christened the *Alliance of Sahel States, (ASS).*

If you ask me, the onset of the Nigerien crisis was a most appropriate opportunity to engage and test former President Muhammadu Buhari’s touted relationship with the northerly nation. If he was not specifically beckoned upon by Tinubu to avail his immediate successor his services, it would not have been out of place for Buhari to offer himself to help out with the Nigerien face-off. He shares the same sociocultural background with the Nigeriens across our borders. As President, Buhari clearly and needlessly over-romanced Niger Republic at the expense of our national till. He did so much for that country with funds borrowed in the name of Nigeria, which will be continously serviced for decades to come by successor generations. He should be confident of a red carpet if he was to mediate in the logjam. While Buhari played *Santa Claus* in Niger, the educational, healthcare, agricultural, defence, infrastructural sectors in Nigeria were grossly under-funded. We are talking about the blind investment of well over *$4 Billion* frittered in the sands of Sahara desert.

Say what you like about him, Olusegun Obasanjo the first democratically enthroned President of Nigeria’s fourth republic has continually acquitted himself as a preeminent leader and statesman, in and out of office. His stature looms large, his tentacles embedded in time and space. While on a visit to Nigeria July 16, 2003, former President Fradique de Menezes of *Sao Tome and Principe,* was deposed by the military back home. A flustered Obasanjo who wouldn’t brook such a putsch especially when the victim was his guest, held Menezes by the hands, took him in his aircraft and flew him back home to Sao Tome. The typically humorous Obasanjo reassured his guest as much as possible in the course of the trip, that he will be restored. Obasanjo jokingly said to his beleaguered Sao Tome counterpart: “If there is shooting within the perimeters of the airport at the point of the descent of my plane, my pilots will abort touchdown and head back to the skies,” as he tried to crack up his brooding guest. By July 23, 2003, one week after Menezes’s initial dislodgement, Obasanjo reinstated him to the delight of the international community.

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Mathieu Kerekou and Boni Yaya, both former Presidents of the Republic of Benin, Nigeria’s western neighbours, were regular guests of Nigeria during the Obasanjo years. They often never had to fly and just drove to meet their host in Badagry in Lagos State, or Otta in Ogun State. In response to cross-border robberies, smuggling and child-trafficking considered injurious to Nigeria’s peace and economy, Obasanjo never spared any chance to padlock the Nigeria-Benin borders. The attendant socioeconomic asphyxiation of these border seal-ups to Benin Republic, compelled regular entreaties by successive Beninoise governments to Nigeria. The sing-song was always for Nigeria to conceive of and treat the small French-speaking country as its *37th state.* Such was the worth of Nigeria in regional politics. Obasanjo continues to be called upon across the world, to add width to issues of democracy, politics, governance, peace and international affairs. That is an essential patriarch.

Former President Goodluck Jonathan has recently been on the road across West Africa as Special Envoy of ECOWAS. He has been leading mediation talks across the subregion, especially in Mali, one of the rebelling member countries of the body. Indeed, Jonathan is Chair of the “West African Elders Forum,” a senior advisory body committed to peace and stability in West Africa. In August 2022, Jonathan led the “Electoral Observation Mission” of the *Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa,* to monitor the presidential polls which produced William Ruto as president of Kenya. In January 2024, Jonathan headlined a group of multidisciplinary experts from across the Commonwealth to observe the elections in the Asian country of Pakistan. The brief of the body was to offer independent and comprehensive assessment of the electoral process in the country on that occasion.

Buhari’s deputy during his time as President, Yemi Osinbajo, SAN, was in July 2023, less than six weeks after he left office, appointed *Global Advisor to Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet, (GEAPP).* The body is an agglomeration of philanthropists, local entrepreneurs, governments and financing partners. Last August, Osinbajo and Peter Obi, presidential candidate of the Labour Party, (LP), at the 2023 presidential election, were guests of the 2024 “Democratic National Convention” in Chicago in the United States. The National Democratic Institute, (NDI), organisers of the convention is a nonprofit, non-partisan organisation pushing democratic values around the world. These are just aspects of concerns and engagements to which Osinbajo has been adding vistas since he departed *Aso Villa* in May 2023.

I’ve always wondered what worth, what value Buhari, one of Nigeria’s most privileged public officers of all time, has ever impacted to the broad gamut of governance and politics in Nigeria. At various times, Buhari was Military Governor; Federal Commissioner, (more contemporaneously Minister); Military Head of State and civilian President. Despite this string of enviable adornments, I’m yet to see Buhari present a paper at any conference; lead a cerebral discussion at any forum; or headline a symposium or conference on the national question. I’m yet to see his memoirs or autobiography where he shares perspectives on the special privileges Nigeria has availed him and how he has in turn been beneficial to the national cause. I’m tempted to conclude that Buhari unimaginatively, unforgivably frittered the collective calendars, the patrimony and emotions of Nigerians, especially during his eight year reign, better branded “Nigeria’s years of the locusts.” Buhari had little to offer and he offered nothing.

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*Tunde Olusunle, PhD, Fellow of the Association of Nigerian Authors, (FANA), teaches Creative Writing at the University of Abuja*

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Plateau in panic mode as nine members of same family 2 month old baby killed in renewed attack

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No fewer than nine members of the same family, including a two-month-old baby, were killed in a fresh attack by suspected gunmen on Kum and Wereng-Camp communities in Riyom Local Government Area of Plateau State late Saturday night.

The attack, according to residents, began at about 11:30 p.m. on Saturday and lasted for more than one hour, leaving the village head of the community critically injured after he was allegedly attacked by the assailants.

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A resident, Precious Tok, told Vanguard that the victims were slaughtered in their home during the coordinated assault, describing the incident as one of the deadliest attacks witnessed in the area in recent times.

He said the gunmen invaded the communities in large numbers, shooting indiscriminately and forcing terrified residents to flee into nearby bushes for safety.

The National Publicity Secretary of the Berom Youth Moulders Association, Rwang Tengwong, who confirmed the attack, said the assailants struck under the cover of darkness and unleashed violence on helpless residents.

According to him, the attack wiped out nine members of one family, including a two-month-old infant, while the village head sustained life-threatening injuries and was rushed to hospital for treatment.

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He added that security agencies had been alerted and expressed hope that the perpetrators would be apprehended and brought to justice.

The latest attack has thrown the affected communities into mourning, with residents urging the Federal and Plateau State governments to strengthen security across Riyom and other vulnerable communities to halt the recurring attacks.

As of the time of filing this report, security personnel had reportedly been deployed to the affected communities, while many residents remained displaced and fearful of further attacks.

Efforts to obtain official confirmation from the Plateau State Police Command were unsuccessful. (Sunday Vanguard)

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Atiku Condemns Proposed N50,000 WAEC, NECO Examination Fees

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Former Vice President Atiku Abubakar has criticised the Federal Government’s decision to approve a uniform N50,000 registration fee for the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examinations (SSCE) conducted by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and the National Examinations Council (NECO), warning that the policy could further limit access to education for millions of Nigerian students.

The Federal Government, through the Federal Ministry of Education, approved the adoption of a uniform N50,000 registration fee for WAEC and NECO SSCE internal examinations, effective from 2027.

Under the new arrangement, NECO’s registration fee will increase from N30,000 to N50,000 per candidate, while WAEC’s fee will rise from N27,000 to the same amount.

The approval was contained in a memo dated June 18, 2026, signed by the Director of Senior Secondary Education at the Federal Ministry of Education, Adeniji Ibrahim, on behalf of the Minister of Education. The memo, addressed to the Registrar of NECO, stated that the decision followed a meeting between the ministry and examination bodies held on March 31, 2026, where stakeholders agreed to adopt a harmonised fee structure.

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Reacting in a statement issued by his Senior Special Assistant on Public Communication, Phrank Shaibu, Atiku described the planned increase as “cruel, economically insensitive and fundamentally incompatible” with the government’s obligation to make education accessible to every Nigerian child.

He argued that the policy comes at a time when many households are grappling with rising inflation, escalating food and transportation costs, higher electricity tariffs, unemployment and declining purchasing power.

“It is unconscionable that at a time when Nigerian families are battling record inflation, soaring food prices, rising transportation costs, crippling electricity tariffs, stagnant incomes and widespread unemployment, the Tinubu administration has chosen to make education even more expensive,” Atiku said.

The former vice president maintained that education remains one of the most important pathways to social mobility, warning that higher examination fees could force more children out of school and deny qualified students the opportunity to pursue higher education.

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“Every additional financial burden imposed on parents translates into another child being denied the opportunity to learn, dream and contribute meaningfully to society,” he said.

He noted that Nigeria already has one of the world’s largest populations of out-of-school children and argued that government efforts should be focused on reducing educational barriers rather than introducing policies that could worsen the situation.

“Nigeria already bears the painful distinction of having one of the largest populations of out-of-school children in the world. Any government confronted with such a national emergency should be investing aggressively to bring these children back into school,” he added.

Atiku further warned that the increase in WAEC and NECO fees, alongside the recent hike in fees for Federal Unity Colleges, would disproportionately affect low- and middle-income families already struggling to meet basic needs.

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According to him, many academically qualified students may be unable to sit for the qualifying examinations required for admission into tertiary institutions due to financial constraints.

“The recent increase in WAEC and NECO examination fees represents far more than another financial burden on parents. It is a systemic filter that will inevitably restrict access to tertiary education for thousands of indigent but academically qualified Nigerian students,” he stated.

He also criticised the Federal Government’s reliance on the Nigerian Education Loan Fund (NELFUND), arguing that student loans cannot solve the challenges facing children who are unable to complete secondary education or afford examination fees.

“A university loan offers little comfort to a child who has already been priced out of secondary education or cannot afford the qualifying examination required to secure admission,” he said.

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Atiku called on the Federal Government to prioritise investment in educational infrastructure, recruit more qualified teachers, expand the capacity of public tertiary institutions and implement policies that ensure poverty does not determine a child’s access to education.

He urged President Bola Tinubu’s administration to immediately reverse the increase in Unity School fees and the proposed N50,000 WAEC and NECO examination fees, while convening stakeholders to develop sustainable funding mechanisms for public education.

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SERAP sues INEC over alleged N800bn APC govs campaign fund

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The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project has sued the Independent National Electoral Commission over alleged failure to investigate claims that governors elected on the platform of the All Progressives Congress diverted N800bn for political and campaign activities.

SERAP, in the suit filed before the Federal High Court in Abuja, is asking the court to compel INEC to probe allegations that APC governors have been making monthly contributions from their Federation Account Allocation Committee allocations into a dedicated fund for President Bola Tinubu’s 2027 re-election campaign.

The suit, marked FHC/ABJ/CS/1426/2026, was filed by SERAP’s lawyers, Kolawole Oluwadare and Kehinde Oyewumi.

The organisation is seeking an order of mandamus directing INEC to demand full disclosure from the governors and the APC on the alleged campaign fund, including the identities of contributors and the sources of the funds.

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SERAP is also asking the court to compel the electoral body to investigate whether political parties and candidates are complying with the provisions of Section 91 of the Electoral Act on campaign finance limits and transparency.

According to SERAP, the allegations raised concerns about political finance accountability, electoral fairness and the ability of Nigerians to freely participate in the democratic process.

“Opaque political financing remains a major entry point for corruption and a threat to democratic legitimacy.

“Nigerians deserve to know who funds the candidates or political parties of their choice and the sources of any such funding,” SERAP said.

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The organisation argued that the alleged use of public resources for political advantage could undermine confidence in Nigeria’s electoral system.

“The abuse of state resources for electoral advantage undermines democratic integrity and public trust. Fairness, transparency, and accountability in political or campaign finance are essential safeguards against corruption, state capture, and undue influence in democratic processes,” it stated.

SERAP maintained that INEC has a constitutional responsibility to monitor political financing and ensure that parties and candidates comply with campaign finance regulations.

“The commission has constitutional and statutory obligations to ensure that no individual or political party exceeds legally prescribed contribution limits, whether directly or indirectly, and to ensure full transparency regarding the origin and quantum of political funding,” the suit read.

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The group said allegations involving large financial resources and possible misuse of public funds required urgent intervention by INEC to protect the credibility of the 2027 general elections.

“The allegations of diversion or opaque use of public funds pose a grave risk to the integrity of the 2027 general elections,” SERAP stated.

It argued that any deployment of public funds for political purposes could distort competition among candidates and political parties.

“Where public resources are allegedly diverted or deployed for political and campaign purposes, the result is not merely financial impropriety; it is a direct distortion of electoral competition,” the suit added.

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SERAP also relied on provisions of the 1999 Constitution, the Electoral Act, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption.

SERAP argued that Section 14(2)(c) of the Constitution, which guarantees citizens’ participation in government, places an obligation on institutions to protect the integrity of the democratic process.

“The provision also imposes a binding obligation on all institutions, including INEC, to safeguard the integrity of the democratic process.

“Section 15(5) of the Nigerian Constitution requires public institutions to abolish all corrupt practices and abuse of power. Section 13 imposes a clear responsibility on INEC to conform to, observe and apply the provisions of Chapter 2 of the Constitution.

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“Article 13 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights guarantees every citizen the right to participate freely in government. Similarly, Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights requires that elections reflect the free expression of the will of the electorate. Nigeria has ratified both treaties.

“Nigeria has made legally binding commitments under the UN Convention against Corruption to ensure accountability in the management of public resources. Articles 5 and 9 of the UN Convention against Corruption also impose legal obligations on the Commission to ensure proper management of public affairs and public funds.

“These commitments ought to be fully upheld and respected. Article 7(3) of the Convention requires institutions, including INEC, to ensure political finance transparency. The provisions aim to prevent corruption in and through elections,” the suit read.

It further stated that the alleged deployment of public resources for political purposes would not only amount to financial impropriety but could distort electoral competition.

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“Where public resources are allegedly diverted or deployed for political and campaign purposes, the result is not merely financial impropriety; it is a direct distortion of electoral competition,” it added.

The group said any use of public funds for political advantage would constitute “a grave violation of national and international standards and a threat to electoral credibility.”

The organisation said these legal frameworks impose obligations on public institutions to promote transparency, accountability and fairness in electoral processes.

No date has been fixed for the hearing of the suit.

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