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Dementia cases are on the rise — avoid these 12 risks to keep your brain healthy

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By Kayode Sanni-Arewa

It is a condition that can be caused by a number of diseases that gradually destroy nerve cells and damage the brain, resulting in a decline in cognitive functions, according to the World Health Organization.

With the advancement of medicine, science and technology, people are living longer lives and the world’s aging population is growing at an unprecedented rate, raising the risk of a larger cohort of people living with dementia

“As the global population of older adults continues to rise, the number of people living with dementia is also expected to grow, reaching approximately 139 million dementia cases by the year 2050,” according to a recent report. As of 2023, there were more than 55 million people with dementia globally, according to the WHO.

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By 2050, the population of people aged 65 and older will double to 2.1 billion, according to the World Health Organization.

Dementia risks

“Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people globally,” according to the WHO, with nearly 10 million new cases of dementia every year.

Although there is no cure for the condition, according to research published in 2023 by the WHO, psychologists and researchers are working to prevent its onset.

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While age is still the strongest known risk factor for dementia, researchers have found a set of 12 “potentially modifiable risk factors,” according to The Lancet Commission’s 2020 report:

Less education

Hypertension

Hearing impairment

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Smoking

Obesity

Depression

Physical inactivity

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Diabetes

Low social contact

Excessive alcohol consumption

Traumatic brain injury

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Air pollution

“Together the 12 modifiable risk factors account for around 40% of worldwide dementias, which consequently could theoretically be prevented or delayed,” according to The Lancet.

While socioeconomic status and education levels can impact the onset of dementia, particularly in early life, several other risks can be avoided, according to the study.

“What we currently know is — what’s good for your heart is good for your brain, and that’s because there are a lot of vascular risk factors for dementia,” Timothy Singham, Clinical Psychologist and Adjunct Senior Lecturer at the National University of Singapore, told CNBC Make It.

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So, a lack of physical exercise, eating unhealthy foods, not getting enough sleep, drinking alcohol excessively as well as smoking puts a strain on your brain and risks developing future impairments, just like these pose a risk to one’s heart, said Singham.

While a healthy body can mitigate dementia risks, a healthy mind is no less important.

“We do know [that] people who have cumulative mental health symptoms during their lifetime, actually [have] an increased risk of dementia,” said Singham.

“If we see symptomatic improvement [to one’s mental health] throughout the life course, then that can decrease your chances of having dementia eventually.”

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How to cut risks

Here are five key “protective factors” or things people can do to help prevent the onset of dementia:

Regular physical activity

Eating healthy

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Building a healthy support network

Having good sleep hygiene

Find ways to regulate stress and emotions

It can be easy to get wrapped up in the quick pace of daily life, so it’s important to take breaks.

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“Your mental health suffers really quickly if you’re not — physically active, you don’t get to breathe, you don’t get to see nature much, you’re cooped up in the office or at home all day,” Singham said.

Additionally, it is crucial to build a healthy support network, not just online, but also in-person.

“I think a lot of young people are [leaning on their] online social networks — but we need to not give up the face-to-face [meetups] with friends,” Ng Ai Ling, Deputy Director and Principal Counsellor at Viriya Community Services told CNBC Make It.

“The other thing I would encourage young people to do is have a very disciplined, good sleep hygiene because our brains really really need to rest,” Ng said. She suggests getting at least seven hours of sleep every night.

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Lastly, finding ways to regulate emotions and stress is crucial. Finding professional help when required or leaning on your support network are ways to protect your mental health, in addition to the daily upkeep of maintaining a healthy diet, exercise and sleep.

Loved ones’ struggle

As dementia cases continue to rise, mental health professionals expect its impact to extend beyond just those who are directly affected.

“The caregiver themselves are struggling to understand the illness — you lose someone to the illness, and the person who you used to be able to relate to and communicate [with] is no longer the same,” Ng said.

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Caregivers and loved ones may risk developing mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and insomnia, Ng explained.

“Suddenly — someone you’re familiar with, and that person is forgetting you, and [they are] unable to perform as [they did] before the illness … There is this emotional distress that you go through,” she said.

Given the challenging situation, it is also important for people around a dementia patient to take care of their own mental and physical health as well, experts said.

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Health

NMA: 1, 200 doctors serving estimated nine million Ogun residents

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The Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) has commended Governor Dapo Abiodun for approving and commencing the payment of the professional allowance table (PAT) and specialist allowance for medical doctors.

The state Chairman, Luqman Ogunjimi, stated this at a news conference heralding the 2026 Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the association in Abeokuta on Thursday.

Mr Ogunjimi described the approval as a demonstration of Mr Abiodun’s commitment to improving doctors’ welfare and strengthening healthcare delivery in the state.

He said the implementation of the professional allowance table followed the approved federal government structure, while the specialist allowance took effect from July.

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According to him, the development will boost the morale of medical practitioners and enhance the delivery of quality healthcare services to residents of the state.

He expressed appreciation to Mr Abiodun for what he described as responsive and worker-friendly leadership in addressing the welfare of medical doctors.

He reaffirmed the association’s commitment to sustaining a cordial working relationship with the government in addressing other welfare issues and advancing healthcare services across the state.

He, however, raised fresh concerns over the shortage of medical doctors in the state.

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He said only about 1,200 doctors were currently serving an estimated population of nine million people in the state.

“This goes to show that there is currently a ratio of one doctor to about 7,500 residents in the state. Notwithstanding this shortage, the few doctors that have also decided to stay behind and shun the temptation of emigrating abroad are daily faced with unwarranted attacks.

“If you have an estimated population of about nine million in Ogun State and we have only 1,200 doctors working in the state, you know this is a far cry. The 1,200 doctors remaining have decided to stay back to give back to their country.

“It is important for the government and the public to prioritise the welfare of healthcare workers who remained in the state despite the manpower shortage,” he said.

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The NMA chairman estimated that the state required between 5,000 and 10,000 doctors to provide adequate healthcare services.

“If we have between 5,000 and 10,000 doctors in Ogun State, it will not be too bad. But those 1,200 doctors who are still here are trying their best,” Mr Ogunjimi said.

(NAN)

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Cholera: Plateau records 14 deaths, 441 suspected cases

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Commissioner for Health in Plateau state, Dr. Nicholas Ba’amlong, has disclosed that the state recorded 441 suspected cholera cases and 14 deaths across four local government areas since the outbreak of the disease in June.

Ba’amlong, who gave the update in Jos on Monday also confirmed 20 positive Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) cases and six laboratory-confirmed cases through culture, with infections affecting 25 wards and 107 settlements.

Commissioner said that the state government is intensifying emergency response measures to curb further spread.

Ba’amlong said that only three patients remain on admission in Jos North Local Government Area, describing the development as an indication that the government’s interventions were yielding results.

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According to the commissioner, the disease was first isolated in Mangu Local Government Area in early June 2026, which prompted the ministry to activate a coordinated multi-sectoral emergency response in collaboration with local government councils, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), and development partners.

Ba’amlong said Mangu, which he described as the epicentre of the outbreak, recorded 53 suspected cases, with 10 testing positive through Rapid Diagnostic Tests and four confirmed by laboratory culture, while 10 deaths were reported across nine wards and 64 settlements.

The commissioner noted that there is currently no active cholera case in Mangu, with the last reported case recorded on July 22, 2026.

He said, “Jos North LGA has recorded 277 suspected cases, seven positive Rapid Diagnostic Tests, one laboratory-confirmed case, and four deaths, affecting 61 settlements in 14 wards.

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“In Jos South Local Government Area, the commissioner said only one confirmed case was recorded, adding that the patient had been successfully treated and discharged without any fatality.

“Barkin Ladi Local Government Area recorded its first case on July 16, with 23 suspected cases, two positive Rapid Diagnostic Tests, no laboratory-confirmed case, and no death reported, while two settlements in one ward have been affected.

The commissioner warned that even though transmission has been interrupted in Mangu, infections were still being recorded in Jos North, Jos South and Barkin Ladi, indicating continued transmission in some communities.

Ba’amlong attributed many of the fatalities to late presentation at health facilities, urging residents to seek immediate medical attention whenever symptoms of cholera are noticed.

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The commissioner said the government has intensified active case searches, expanded community surveillance, strengthened disease reporting across health facilities and ensured the continuous availability of Oral Rehydration Salts, intravenous fluids, antibiotics and other essential medical supplies.

He assured residents of Jos North that additional Oral Rehydration Points will be established in the area, while free or subsidised treatment is being provided at designated cholera treatment centres.

Ba’amlong said healthcare workers in Mangu, Barkin Ladi and Jos North were being trained with the support of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNICEF, while Rapid Diagnostic Test kits had been distributed to all affected local government areas to improve early detection.

The commissioner also assured residents that the state government would sustain its collaboration with the NCDC, WHO, UNICEF and other development partners until the outbreak is fully contained, urging the public to maintain proper hygiene, drink safe water and report suspected cases promptly.

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NAFDAC Blacklists Onifam Laboratories, Directors Over Regulatory Infractions

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The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) has blacklisted Onifam Laboratories Limited, its Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, all members of its board of directors, and every affiliated or associated individual and entity found to have participated in regulatory violations, following what it described as extensive investigations into the company’s operations.

The sanction, which takes immediate effect, effectively excludes the company and all affected individuals from participating in any pharmaceutical business regulated by NAFDAC pending further directive from the agency.

In a statement signed on Monday by its Director-General/CEO, Prof. Mojisola Adeyeye, the agency said its investigations established that Onifam Laboratories engaged in regulatory misrepresentation, misuse of NAFDAC approvals and certificates, improper registration and transfer of pharmaceutical products, as well as activities that deliberately circumvented established regulatory procedures.

According to NAFDAC, the alleged infractions compromise product traceability, weaken accountability within the pharmaceutical supply chain and expose the public to significant health risks.

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The agency said the company’s actions violate the provisions of the NAFDAC Act, the Food, Drug and Related Products (Registration, etc.) Act, the Drug and Related Products Registration Regulations 2021 and other applicable regulatory guidelines governing pharmaceutical products in Nigeria.

As part of the blacklist, Onifam Laboratories and all affected persons are prohibited from participating, either directly or indirectly, in any pharmaceutical business regulated by NAFDAC.

The prohibition extends to applying for or benefiting from any NAFDAC registration, licence, permit, certificate or approval.

It also bars them from operating as manufacturers, importers, distributors, marketing authorisation holders, agents, representatives, consultants, promoters or sponsors of any product regulated by the agency.

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Prof. Mojisola Adeyeye, Director-General/Chief Executive Officer of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), whose agency announced the immediate blacklisting of Onifam Laboratories Ltd, its Managing Director, directors and affiliated entities over multiple regulatory violations/Credit: NAFDAC

The sweeping sanctions equally apply to affiliated companies and associated entities found to have been involved in the regulatory violations.

NAFDAC stated that the blacklist would remain in force until otherwise directed by its management.

The agency further warned that it reserves the right to initiate additional regulatory, administrative, enforcement and legal actions where necessary to protect public health and preserve the integrity of Nigeria’s medicines regulatory system.

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It stressed that the action reflects its determination to ensure strict compliance with pharmaceutical regulations and deter practices capable of undermining the safety and quality of medicines available to Nigerians.

Reaffirming its commitment to safeguarding public health, NAFDAC urged all stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector to comply fully with applicable laws and regulatory requirements.

The agency maintained that only safe, quality-assured and properly regulated medicines should be manufactured, imported, distributed and sold in Nigeria, warning that any attempt to bypass regulatory procedures would attract decisive sanctions.

The blacklist of Onifam Laboratories marks one of the agency’s strongest recent enforcement actions and underscores its resolve to strengthen regulatory oversight, improve accountability within the pharmaceutical industry and sustain public confidence in Nigeria’s medicines regulatory framework.

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